Back رنا غير مشفر طويل Arabic Dugolančana nekodirajuća RNK BS Μακρύ μη κωδικοποιητικό RNA Greek آران‌ای بلند غیرکدکننده Persian ARN long non codant French ARN non codificante longo Galician LncRNA HE RNA panjang non-penyandi ID 長鎖ノンコーディングRNA Japanese 긴 비번역 RNA Korean

Long non-coding RNA

Different types of long non-coding RNAs.[1]

Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are a type of RNA, generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein.[2] This arbitrary limit distinguishes long ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and other short RNAs.[3] Given that some lncRNAs have been reported to have the potential to encode small proteins or micro-peptides, the latest definition of lncRNA is a class of transcripts of over 200 nucleotides that have no or limited coding capacity.[4] However, John S. Mattick and colleagues suggested to change definition of long non-coding RNAs to transcripts more than 500 nt, which are mostly generated by Pol II.[5] That means that question of lncRNA exact definition is still under discussion in the field. Long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are sequences of transcripts that do not overlap protein-coding genes.[6]

Long non-coding RNAs include intergenic lincRNAs, intronic ncRNAs, and sense and antisense lncRNAs, each type showing different genomic positions in relation to genes and exons.[1][3]

The definition of lncRNAs differs from that of other RNAs such as siRNAs, mRNAs, miRNAs, and snoRNAs because it is not connected to the function of the RNA. A lncRNA is any transcript that is not one of the other well-characterized RNAs and is longer than 200-500 nucleotides. Some scientists think that most lncRNAs do not have a biologically relevant function because they are transcripts of junk DNA.[7][8]

  1. ^ a b Fernandes JC, Acuña SM, Aoki JI, Floeter-Winter LM, Muxel SM (February 2019). "Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Gene Expression: Physiology and Disease". Non-Coding RNA. 5 (1): 17. doi:10.3390/ncrna5010017. PMC 6468922. PMID 30781588.
  2. ^ Perkel JM (June 2013). "Visiting "noncodarnia"". BioTechniques (paper). 54 (6): 301, 303–4. doi:10.2144/000114037. PMID 23750541. "We're calling long noncoding RNAs a class, when actually the only definition is that they are longer than 200 bp," says Ana Marques, a Research Fellow at the University of Oxford who uses evolutionary approaches to understand lncRNA function.
  3. ^ a b Ma L, Bajic VB, Zhang Z (June 2013). "On the classification of long non-coding RNAs". RNA Biology. 10 (6): 925–933. doi:10.4161/rna.24604. PMC 4111732. PMID 23696037.
  4. ^ Ma, Lina; Zhang, Zhang (September 2023). "The contribution of databases towards understanding the universe of long non-coding RNAs". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 24 (9): 601–602. doi:10.1038/s41580-023-00612-z. ISSN 1471-0080. PMID 37147495. S2CID 258528357.
  5. ^ Mattick, John S.; Amaral, Paulo P.; Carninci, Piero; Carpenter, Susan; Chang, Howard Y.; Chen, Ling-Ling; Chen, Runsheng; Dean, Caroline; Dinger, Marcel E.; Fitzgerald, Katherine A.; Gingeras, Thomas R.; Guttman, Mitchell; Hirose, Tetsuro; Huarte, Maite; Johnson, Rory (June 2023). "Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 24 (6): 430–447. doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00566-8. ISSN 1471-0080. PMC 10213152. PMID 36596869.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference The functions and unique features of long intergenic non-coding RNA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Palazzo&Lee2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ponting&Haerty2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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