![]() | Parts of this article (those related to Australia) need to be updated.(December 2022) |
![]() Satellite image of the island; north is toward the upper right corner | |
![]() Location of Lord Howe Island | |
Geography | |
---|---|
Location | Tasman Sea |
Coordinates | 31°33′15″S 159°05′06″E / 31.55417°S 159.08500°E |
Total islands | 28 |
Major islands | Lord Howe Island, Admiralty Group, Blackburn Island, Mutton Bird Islands, and Ball's Pyramid |
Area | 14.55 km2 (5.62 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 875 m (2871 ft) |
Highest point | Mount Gower |
Administration | |
Administrative Division | Unincorporated area of New South Wales Self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board[1] |
Electoral District | Part of the electoral district of Port Macquarie[2] Part of the Division of Sydney[3] |
Demographics | |
Population |
|
Pop. density | 26.25/km2 (67.99/sq mi) |
Additional information | |
Time zone | |
• Summer (DST) | |
Postcode | 2898 |
Official name | Lord Howe Island Group |
Type | Natural |
Criteria | vii, x |
Designated | 1982 (6th session) |
Reference no. | 186 |
Region | Asia-Pacific |
Official name | Lord Howe Island Group, Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia |
Type | Natural |
Designated | 21 May 2007 |
Reference no. | 105694 |
File number | 1/00/373/0001 |
Official name | Lord Howe Island Group |
Type | State heritage (landscape) |
Designated | 2 April 1999 |
Reference no. | 970 |
Type | Other – Landscape – Cultural |
Category | Landscape – Cultural |
Lord Howe Island (/haʊ/; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies 600 km (320 nmi) directly east of mainland Port Macquarie, 780 km (420 nmi) northeast of Sydney, and about 900 km (490 nmi) southwest of Norfolk Island. It is about 10 km (6.2 mi) long and between 0.3 and 2.0 km (0.19 and 1.24 mi) wide with an area of 14.55 km2 (3,600 acres), though just 3.98 km2 (980 acres) of that comprise the low-lying developed part of the island.[5] The island is named after Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe.[6]
Along the west coast is a sandy semi-enclosed sheltered coral reef lagoon. Most of the population lives in the north, while the south is dominated by forested hills rising to the highest point on the island, Mount Gower (875 m, 2,871 ft).[7] The Lord Howe Island Group[7] comprises 28 islands, islets, and rocks. Apart from Lord Howe Island itself, the most notable of these is the volcanic and uninhabited Ball's Pyramid about 23 km (14 mi; 12 nmi) to the southeast of Howe. To the north lies a cluster of seven small uninhabited islands called the Admiralty Group.[8]
The first reported sighting by Europeans of Lord Howe Island took place on 17 February 1788, when Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball, commander of the Armed Tender HMS Supply, was en route from Botany Bay to found a penal settlement on Norfolk Island.[9] On the return journey, Ball sent a party ashore on Lord Howe Island to claim it as a British possession.[10] It subsequently became a provisioning port for the whaling industry,[11] and was permanently settled in June 1834.[12] When whaling declined, the 1880s saw the beginning of the worldwide export of the endemic kentia palms,[13] which remains a key component of the island's economy. The other continuing industry, tourism, began after World War II ended in 1945.
The Lord Howe Island Group is part of the state of New South Wales[14] and is regarded legally as an unincorporated area administered by the Lord Howe Island Board,[14] which reports to the New South Wales Minister for Environment and Heritage.[14] The island's standard time zone is UTC+10:30, or UTC+11 when daylight saving time applies.[15] The currency is the Australian dollar. Commuter airlines provide flights to Sydney, Brisbane, and Port Macquarie.
UNESCO records the Lord Howe Island Group as a World Heritage Site of global natural significance.[16] Most of the island is virtually untouched forest, with many of the plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Other natural attractions include the diversity of the landscapes, the variety of upper mantle and oceanic basalts, the world's southernmost barrier coral reef, nesting seabirds, and the rich historical and cultural heritage.[17] The Lord Howe Island Act 1981 established a "Permanent Park Preserve" (covering about 70% of the island).[15] The island was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007[18] and the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.[19] The surrounding waters are a protected region designated the Lord Howe Island Marine Park.[20]
MarinePark
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