Lorentz force

In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. The Lorentz force, on the other hand, is a physical effect that occurs in the vicinity of electrically neutral, current-carrying conductors causing moving electrical charges to experience a magnetic force.

The Lorentz force law states that a particle of charge $q$ moving with a velocity $v$ in an electric field $E$ and a magnetic field $B$ experiences a force (in SI units^{[nb 1]}^{[nb 2]}) of $\mathbf {F} =q\left(\mathbf {E} +\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {B} \right).$ It says that the electromagnetic force on a charge $q$ is a combination of (1) a force in the direction of the electric field $E$ (proportional to the magnitude of the field and the quantity of charge), and (2) a force at right angles to both the magnetic field $B$ and the velocity $v$ of the charge (proportional to the magnitude of the field, the charge, and the velocity).

Variations on this basic formula describe the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire (sometimes called Laplace force), the electromotive force in a wire loop moving through a magnetic field (an aspect of Faraday's law of induction), and the force on a moving charged particle.^[1]

Historians suggest that the law is implicit in a paper by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1865.^[2] Hendrik Lorentz arrived at a complete derivation in 1895,^[3] identifying the contribution of the electric force a few years after Oliver Heaviside correctly identified the contribution of the magnetic force.^[4]

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^ Huray, Paul G. (2009-11-16). Maxwell's Equations. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-54276-7.
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[3] Huray, Paul G. (2009-11-16). Maxwell's Equations. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-54276-7.

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[Nahin-6] Cite error: The named reference Nahin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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