Luminism (American art style)

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Luminism is an American landscape painting style of the 1850s to 1870s, characterized by effects of light in a landscape, through the use of aerial perspective and the concealment of visible brushstrokes. Luminist landscapes emphasize tranquility, and often depict calm, reflective water and a soft, hazy sky. Artists who were most central to the development of the luminist style include Fitz Henry Lane, Martin Johnson Heade, Sanford Gifford, and John F. Kensett.^[1] Painters with a less clear affiliation include Frederic Edwin Church, Jasper Cropsey, Albert Bierstadt, Worthington Whittredge, Raymond Dabb Yelland, Alfred Thompson Bricher, James Augustus Suydam, and David Johnson.^[2] Some precursor artists are George Harvey and Robert Salmon.^[3] Joseph Rusling Meeker also worked in the style.^[4]