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Lupukngna

As a coastal site, villagers likely used te'aats (pictured) to navigate the coastline.

Lupukngna was a coastal Tongva village that was at least 3,000 years old located on the bluffs along the Santa Ana River in Huntington Beach near the Newland House Museum.[1][2] Other nearby coastal villages included Genga, located in West Newport Beach, and Moyongna, located down the coast near Corona del Mar.[2][3] The village has also been referred to as Lukup and Lukupa.[4][1] The village has been chronicled in the history of Costa Mesa, California.[5]

  1. ^ a b "Olson Townhomes Development Project: Appendix D" (PDF). Sagecrest Planning: 11. 2021.
  2. ^ a b Greene, Sean; Curwen, Thomas. "Mapping the Tongva villages of L.A.'s past". www.latimes.com. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
  3. ^ Loewe, Ronald (2016). Of sacred lands and strip malls : the battle for Puvungna. Lanham, MD. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7591-2162-1. OCLC 950751182.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Proposed Bolsa Chica Project, Orange County: Environmental Impact Statement. US Army Corps of Engineers. 1992. p. 198.
  5. ^ Early Costa Mesa. Costa Mesa Historical Society. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. 2009. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7385-6976-5. OCLC 276818569.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

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