Back Мадрид Abkhazian Madrid ACE Мадрид ADY Madrid Afrikaans Madrid ALS ማድሪድ Amharic Madrit AN Madrid ANG مدريد Arabic ܡܕܪܝܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) ARC

Madrid

This article is about the capital city of Spain. For the autonomous community, see Community of Madrid. For other uses, see Madrid (disambiguation).

Madrid
Capital city and municipality
Skyline of Madrid from Edificio España
Puerta de Alcalá
Plaza Mayor
Gran Vía and Callao
Municipal Hall
Royal Palace and Almudena Cathedral
Flag of Madrid
Flag
Coat of arms of Madrid
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Madrid
Madrid is located in Spain
Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is located in Europe
Madrid
Madrid
Coordinates: 40°25′01″N 03°42′12″W / 40.41694°N 3.70333°W / 40.41694; -3.70333
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityCommunity of Madrid
Founded9th century
Government
 • TypeAyuntamiento
 • BodyCity Council of Madrid
 • MayorJosé Luis Martínez-Almeida (PP)
Area
604.31 km2 (233.33 sq mi)
Elevation
650 m (2,130 ft)
Population
 (2018)[3]
3,460,491
 • Rank2nd in the European Union
1st in Spain
 • Density5,700/km2 (15,000/sq mi)
 • Urban
6,211,000[2]
 • Metro
7,125,583[1]
Demonym(s)Madrilenian, Madrilene
madrileño, -ña; matritense,
gato, -a
GDP
[4]
 • Capital city and municipality€135.362 billion (2020)[5]
 • Metro€293.069 billion (2023)[6]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
28001–28080
Area code+34 (ES) + 91 (M)
HDI (2021)0.940[7]
very high · 1st
Websitemadrid.es

Madrid (/məˈdrɪd/ ⓘ mə-DRID; Spanish: [maˈðɾið] ⓘ)[n. 1] is the capital and most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million[10] inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU.[2][11][12] The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.[13] Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at about 650 meters above mean sea level. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983),[14] it is also the political, economic, and cultural centre of the country.[15]

The primitive core of Madrid, a walled military outpost, dates back to the late 9th century, under the Emirate of Córdoba. Conquered by Christians in 1083 or 1085, it consolidated in the Late Middle Ages as a sizeable town of the Crown of Castile. The development of Madrid as administrative centre fostered after 1561, as it became the permanent seat of the court of the Hispanic Monarchy. The following centuries were characterized by the reinforcement of Madrid's status within the framework of a centralized form of state-building.[16]

The Madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest GDP in the European Union.[17] Madrid is ranked as an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[18] The metropolitan area hosts major Spanish companies such as Telefónica, Iberia, BBVA and FCC.[19] It concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the Spanish-speaking city generating the largest number of webpages.[19] Madrid houses the headquarters of the UN Tourism, the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB). Pursuant to the standardizing role of the Royal Spanish Academy, Madrid is a centre for Spanish linguistic prescriptivism.[20] Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR,[21] ARCO,[22] SIMO TCI[23] and the Madrid Fashion Week.[24] Madrid is home to football clubs Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid.

Its landmarks include the Plaza Mayor, the Royal Palace of Madrid; the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House; the Buen Retiro Park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century National Library building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives; many national museums,[25] and the Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums: Prado Museum, the Reina Sofía Museum, a museum of modern art, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.[26] The mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People's Party.[27]

  1. ^ "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  3. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  4. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023.
  5. ^ "Indicador del PIB por zonas estadísticas y por municipios", www.madrid.org (in Spanish)
  6. ^ "EU regions by GDP, Eurostat". www.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  8. ^ Molina Martos, Isabel (2016). "Variación de la -/d/ final de palabra en Madrid: ¿prestigio abierto o encubierto?". Boletín de Filología. 51 (2): 347–367. doi:10.4067/S0718-93032016000200013. ISSN 0718-9303.
  9. ^ Salgado, Cristóbal González (2012). Eñe B1.2: der Spanischkurs. Hueber Verlag. p. 91. ISBN 978-3-19-004294-4. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  10. ^ "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero". Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  11. ^ "Major Agglomerations of the World". Population Statistics and Maps. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  12. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision) Archived 25 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine, (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007.
  13. ^ "Member of the Governing Council. Delegate for Economy, Employment and Citizen Involvement" (PDF). p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  14. ^ Moreno-Fernández 2020, p. 44.
  15. ^ "Madrid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  16. ^ Valenzuela Rubio 1999, p. 68.
  17. ^ ec.europa.eu https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en. Retrieved 18 March 2025. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ^ Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network, Loughborough University. "The World According to GaWC 2010". Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  19. ^ a b Moreno-Fernández 2020, p. 45.
  20. ^ Lauria, Daniela; López García, María (2009). "Instrumentos lingüísticos académicos y norma estándar del español: la nueva política lingüística panhispánica". Lexis. 33 (1). Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú: 85. doi:10.18800/lexis.200901.003. hdl:11336/110715.
  21. ^ "FITUR". Archived from the original on 20 June 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  22. ^ "Arte Contemporaneo en España – ARCOmadrid". Ifema.es. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  23. ^ "SIMO EDUCACIÓN – Learning Technology Exhibition – Home". www.ifema.es. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  24. ^ "Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week". Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  25. ^ "Arquitectura. Edificios de los Museos Estatales". Mcu.es. 25 January 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  26. ^ "Geography of Madrid". Easy expat. 11 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2006.
  27. ^ "José Luis Martínez-Almeida Navasqüés". www.themayor.eu. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2023.


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