Back مغنولانيات Arabic Maqnolidlər Azerbaijani Magnoliids BCL Магнолііды BE-X-OLD Magnoliidae BS Magnòlides Catalan Magnoliid Welsh Magnoliiden German Μαγνολιίδες Greek Magnoliedoj Esperanto
| Magnoliids Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Flower of Asimina triloba | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Type species | |
| Magnolia virginiana | |
| Orders | |
Magnoliids, Magnoliidae or Magnolianae are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angiosperms after the eudicots and monocots.[3] The group is characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen with one pore, and usually branching-veined leaves.
Some members of the subclass are among the earliest angiosperms and share anatomical similarities with gymnosperms like stamens that resemble the male cone scales of conifers and carpels found on the long flowering axis.[4] According to molecular clock calculations, the lineage that led to magnoliids split from other plants about 135 million years ago[5] or 160-165 million years ago.[6]
- ^ "Magnoliales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-06-18.
- ^ Friis, Else Marie; Crane, Peter R.; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard (2021-01-01). "Catanthus , an Extinct Magnoliid Flower from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 182 (1): 28–45. doi:10.1086/711081. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 228939581.
- ^ Wu, J. Y.; Xue, J. Y.; Van De Peer, Y. (2021). "Evolution of NLR Resistance Genes in Magnoliids: Dramatic Expansions of CNLS and Multiple Losses of TNLS". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 777157. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.777157. PMC 8724549. PMID 34992620.
- ^ Botany Illustrated: Introduction to Plants Major Groups Flowering Plant Families. Thomson Science. 1984. p. 26.
- ^ Magallon, S; Gomez-Acevedo, S; Sanchez-Reyes, LL; Tania Hernandez-Hernandez, T (2015). "A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity". New Phytologist. 207: 437–453. doi:10.1111/nph.13264.
- ^ Zeng, Liping; Zhang, Qiang; Sun, Renran; Kong, Hongzhi; Zhang, Ning; Ma, Hong (24 September 2014). "Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times". Nature Communications. 5 (4956). Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4956Z. doi:10.1038/ncomms5956. PMC 4200517. PMID 25249442.
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