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Magnus Hirschfeld

Magnus Hirschfeld
Hirschfeld in 1932
Born(1868-05-14)14 May 1868
Kolberg, Kingdom of Prussia, North German Confederation
(now Kołobrzeg, Poland)
Died14 May 1935(1935-05-14) (aged 67)
Nice, France
Resting placeBody cremated; ashes interred in Caucade Cemetery in Nice
CitizenshipGerman (revoked by the Nazis)[1]
OccupationPhysician
Known forInstitut für Sexualwissenschaft, Scientific Humanitarian Committee, World League for Sexual Reform
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Magnus Hirschfeld (14 May 1868 – 14 May 1935) was a Jewish German physician and sexologist, whose citizenship was later revoked by the Nazi government.[2] Hirschfeld was educated in philosophy, philology and medicine. An outspoken advocate for sexual minorities, Hirschfeld founded the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee and World League for Sexual Reform. He based his practice in Berlin-Charlottenburg during the Weimar period. Performance Studies and Rhetoric Professor Dustin Goltz characterized the committee as having carried out "the first advocacy for homosexual and transgender rights".[3]

Hirschfeld is regarded as one of the most influential sexologists of the 20th century.[4] He was targeted by early fascists and later the Nazis for being Jewish and gay. He was beaten by völkisch activists in 1920, and in 1933 his Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was looted and had its books burned by Nazis. Hirschfeld was forced into exile in France, where he died in 1935.[5][6]

  1. ^ David A. Gerstner, Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture (2006, ISBN 1136761810), page 374
  2. ^ David A. Gerstner, Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture (2006, ISBN 1136761810), page 374
  3. ^ Goltz, Dustin (2008). "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Movements", In Lind, Amy; Brzuzy, Stephanie (eds.). Battleground: Women, Gender, and Sexuality: Volume 2, pp. 291 ff. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-34039-0
  4. ^ Sigusch, Volkmar (2012). "The Sexologist Albert Moll – between Sigmund Freud and Magnus Hirschfeld". Medical History. 56 (2): 184–200. doi:10.1017/mdh.2011.32. ISSN 2048-8343. PMC 3381530. PMID 23002292.
  5. ^ "The great hunt for the world's first LGBTQ archive". History. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  6. ^ Marhoefer, Laurie (21 September 2023). "New Research Reveals How the Nazis Targeted Transgender People". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

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