March of the Volunteers

March of the Volunteers
March of the Volunteers
Simplified Chinese	义勇军进行曲
Traditional Chinese	義勇軍進行曲
Hanyu Pinyin	Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ
Literal meaning	March of the Righteous and Brave Armies
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ
Bopomofo	ㄧˋ ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄩㄣ; ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄩˇ;
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Yihyeongjiun Jinnshyngcheu
Wade–Giles	I4-yung3-chün1; Chin4-hsing2-chʻü3;
Tongyong Pinyin	Yì-yǒng-jyun Jìn-síng-cyǔ
Yale Romanization	Yìyǔngjyūn Jìnsyíngchyǔ
IPA	[î.jʊ̀ŋ.tɕýn tɕîn.ɕǐŋ.tɕʰỳ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Yihyúhnggwān Jeunhàhngkūk
Jyutping	ji6 jung5 gwan1 zeon3 hang4 kuk1
IPA	[ji˨ jʊŋ˩˧ kʷɐn˥ tsɵn˧ hɐŋ˩ kʰʊk̚˥]
March of the Anti-Manchukuo Counter-Japan Volunteers
Simplified Chinese	反满抗日义勇军进行曲
Traditional Chinese	反滿抗日義勇軍進行曲
Hanyu Pinyin	Fǎnmǎn Kàngrì Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Fǎnmǎn Kàngrì Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ
Bopomofo	ㄈㄢˇ ㄇㄢˇ ㄎㄤˋ ㄖˋ ㄧˋ ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄩㄣㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄩˇ
Wade–Giles	Fan3-man3 Kʻang4-jih4 I4-yung3-chün1 Chin4-hsing2-chʻü3
Tongyong Pinyin	Fǎn-mǎn Kàng-rìh Yì-yǒng-jyun Jìn-síng-cyǔ
IPA	[fàn.màn kʰâŋ.ɻɻ̩̂ î.jʊ̀ŋ.tɕýn tɕîn.ɕǐŋ.tɕʰỳ]
National Anthem of the People's Republic of China
Simplified Chinese	中华人民共和国国歌
Traditional Chinese	中華人民共和國國歌
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhōnghuá Rénmín; Gònghéguó Guógē;
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhōnghuá Rénmín; Gònghéguó Guógē;
Bopomofo	ㄓㄨㄥㄏㄨㄚˊ; ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ; ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ; ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄜ;
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Jonghwa Renmin; Gonqhergwo Gwoge;
Wade–Giles	Chung1-hua2 Jen2-min2;
Tongyong Pinyin	Jhong-huá Rén-mín; Gòng-hé-guó Guó-gē;
Yale Romanization	Jūnghwá Rénmín; Gùnghégwó Gwógē;
IPA	Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂʊ́ŋ.xwǎ ɻə̌n.mǐn];
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Jūng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok Gwokgō
Jyutping	zung1 waa4 jan4 man4 gung6 wo4 gwok3 gwok3 go1
IPA	[tsʊŋ˥ wa˩ jɐn˩ mɐn˩ kʊŋ˨ wɔ˩ kʷɔk̚˧ kʷɔk̚˧ kɔ˥]

义勇军进行曲
*Yìyǒngjūn jìnxíngqǔ*
English: March of the Volunteers
	National anthem of People's Republic of China Military anthem of the 200th Division of the National Revolutionary Army; (1938–1949);
Lyrics	Tian Han, 1934
Music	Nie Er, 16 May 1935
Adopted	January 1938; (200th Division); ; 27 September 1949; ; 4 December 1982; (official); ; 1 July 1997; (Hong Kong); ; 20 December 1999; (Macau); ; 14 March 2004; (constitutional); ; 1 October 2017; (legalised); ;
Audio sample
	U.S. Navy Band instrumental version file; help;

The "March of the Volunteers",^[b] originally titled the "March of the Anti-Manchukuo Counter-Japan Volunteers",^[c] has been the official national anthem of the People's Republic of China since 1978. Unlike previous Chinese state anthems, it was written entirely in vernacular Chinese, rather than in Classical Chinese.

The Japanese invasion of Manchuria saw a boom of nationalistic arts and literature in China. This song had its lyrics written first by the communist playwright Tian Han in 1934, then set to melody by Nie Er and arranged by Aaron Avshalomov for the communist-aligned film Children of Troubled Times (1935).^[7] It became a famous military song during the Second Sino-Japanese War beyond the communist faction, most notably the Nationalist general Dai Anlan designated it to be the anthem of the 200th Division, who fought in Burma. It was adopted as the PRC's provisional anthem in 1949 in place of the "Three Principles of the People" of the Republic of China (1912–1949) and the Communist "Internationale". In the Cultural Revolution, Tian Han was criticized and placed in prison, where he died in 1968. The song was briefly and unofficially replaced by "The East Is Red", then reinstated but played without lyrics, restored to official status in 1978 with altered lyrics, and finally the original version was restored in 1982.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ Cite error: The named reference hk was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference macao was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference constitution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ 曾永介 (25 December 2012). "淺談聶耳名歌「義勇軍進行曲」". 雲南文獻 (42). Yunnan Association of Taipei. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021.
^ 曹建民 (29 August 2013). "中华人民共和国国歌的诞生源于长城抗战". Kuancheng History Museum, Hebei, China. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.
^ 丛焕宇 (8 February 2021). "红色桓仁是国歌原创素材地". Liaoning Daily. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021 – via People.com.
^ The politics of songs: Myths and symbols in the Chinese communist war music, 1937–1949. CT Hung. Modern Asian Studies, 1996.

[hk-2] Cite error: The named reference hk was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[macao-3] Cite error: The named reference macao was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[constitution-4] Cite error: The named reference constitution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Yunnan_2012-6] 曾永介 (25 December 2012). "淺談聶耳名歌「義勇軍進行曲」". 雲南文獻 (42). Yunnan Association of Taipei. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021.

[宽城-7] 曹建民 (29 August 2013). "中华人民共和国国歌的诞生源于长城抗战". Kuancheng History Museum, Hebei, China. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.

[Liaoning_Daily-8] 丛焕宇 (8 February 2021). "红色桓仁是国歌原创素材地". Liaoning Daily. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021 – via People.com.

[10] The politics of songs: Myths and symbols in the Chinese communist war music, 1937–1949. CT Hung. Modern Asian Studies, 1996.

[a]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[b]

[c]

[7]