Marine iguana

Marine iguana Temporal range: Late Miocene – Recent
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Iguania
Family:	Iguanidae
Genus:	Amblyrhynchus Bell, 1825
Species:	A. cristatus
Binomial name
Amblyrhynchus cristatus Bell, 1825
Subspecies
7–11 subspecies; see text

The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), also known as the sea iguana, saltwater iguana, or Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Unique among modern lizards, it is a marine reptile that has the ability to forage in the sea for algae, which makes up almost all of its diet.^[3] Marine iguanas are the only extant lizard that spends time in a marine environment.^[4] Large males are able to dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone.^[5] They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they bask after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove swamps and beaches.^[6] Large males defend territories for a short period, but smaller males have other breeding strategies. After mating, the female digs a nest hole in the soil where she lays her eggs, leaving them to hatch on their own a few months later.^[7]

Marine iguanas vary in appearance between the different islands and several subspecies are recognized.^[8] Although relatively large numbers remain and it is locally abundant,^[9] this protected species is considered threatened, primarily from El Niño cycles, introduced predators and chance events like oil spills.^[1]