![]() Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft around Mars (illustration) | |||||||||||||
Names | Mangalyaan-1 MOM | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mission type | Mars orbiter | ||||||||||||
Operator | ISRO | ||||||||||||
COSPAR ID | 2013-060A | ||||||||||||
SATCAT no. | 39370 | ||||||||||||
Website | isro.gov.in | ||||||||||||
Mission duration | Planned: 6 months[1] Final: 7 years, 6 months, 8 days | ||||||||||||
Spacecraft properties | |||||||||||||
Bus | I-1K[2] | ||||||||||||
Manufacturer | U R Rao Satellite Centre | ||||||||||||
Launch mass | 1,337.2 kg (2,948 lb)[3] | ||||||||||||
BOL mass | ≈550 kg (1,210 lb)[4] | ||||||||||||
Dry mass | 482.5 kg (1,064 lb)[3] | ||||||||||||
Payload mass | 13.4 kg (30 lb)[3] | ||||||||||||
Dimensions | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) cube | ||||||||||||
Power | 840 watts[2] | ||||||||||||
Start of mission | |||||||||||||
Launch date | 5 November 2013, 09:08UTC[5][6] | ||||||||||||
Rocket | PSLV-XL C25[7] | ||||||||||||
Launch site | Satish Dhawan Space Centre, FLP | ||||||||||||
Contractor | ISRO | ||||||||||||
End of mission | |||||||||||||
Last contact | April 2022[8] | ||||||||||||
Mars orbiter | |||||||||||||
Orbital insertion | 24 September 2014, 02:10 UTC (7:40 IST)[9][10] MSD 50027 06:27 AMT 3619 days / 3522 sols | ||||||||||||
Orbital parameters | |||||||||||||
Periareon altitude | 421.7 km (262.0 mi)[9] | ||||||||||||
Apoareon altitude | 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi)[9] | ||||||||||||
Inclination | 150.0°[9] | ||||||||||||
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![]() Insignia depicting journey from Earth to an elliptical Martian orbit using Mars symbol |
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), unofficially known as Mangalyaan[11] (Sanskrit: Maṅgala 'Mars', Yāna 'Craft, Vehicle'),[12][13] was a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[14][15][16][17] It was India's first interplanetary mission[18] and it made ISRO the fourth space agency to achieve Mars orbit, after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency.[19] It made India the first Asian nation to reach the Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt. It also made India the third nation to orbit another planet after the United States and the Soviet Union.[20][21][22][23]
The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 (UTC) on 5 November 2013.[5][24] The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013.[6] The MOM probe spent about a month in Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manœuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 (UTC).[25] After a 298-day transit to Mars, it was put into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
The mission was a technology demonstrator project to develop the technologies for designing, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission.[26] It carried five scientific instruments.[27] The spacecraft was monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centre at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Bengaluru, Karnataka.[28]
On 2 October 2022, it was reported that the orbiter had irrecoverably lost communications with Earth after entering a seven-hour eclipse period in April 2022 that it was not designed to survive.[29][30][31] The following day, ISRO released a statement that all attempts to revive MOM had failed and officially declared it dead, citing the loss of fuel and battery power to the probe's instruments.[32]
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page).The MOM probe, which is named Mangalyaan (Sanskrit for "Mars craft"), executed a 24-minute orbital insertion burn Tuesday night, ending a 10-month space journey that began with the spacecraft's launch on Nov. 5, 2013
India has become the first nation to send a satellite into orbit around Mars on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so.
India became the first Asian nation to reach the Red Planet when its indigenously made unmanned spacecraft entered the orbit of Mars on Wednesday
India's Mars Orbiter Mission successfully entered Mars' orbit Wednesday morning, making India the first nation to arrive on its first attempt and the first Asian country to reach the Red Planet.
Its measurements of other atmospheric components will dovetail very nicely with Maven and the observations being made by Europe's Mars Express. "It means we'll be getting three-point measurements, which is tremendous."
It was also discussed that despite being designed for a life-span of six months as a technology demonstrator, the Mars Orbiter Mission has lived for about eight years in the Martian orbit with a gamut of significant scientific results on Mars as well as on the Solar corona, before losing communication with the ground station as a result of a long eclipse in April 2022. During the national meet, ISRO deliberated that the propellant must have been exhausted, and therefore, the desired attitude pointing could not be achieved for sustained power generation. It was declared that the spacecraft is non-recoverable, and attended its end-of-life. The mission will be ever-regarded as a remarkable technological and scientific feat in the history of planetary exploration.
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