Back إطلاق نار جماعي Arabic Tiroteig massiu Catalan Útok aktivního střelce Czech Masseskyderi Danish Μαζικοί πυροβολισμοί Greek Tiroteo masivo Spanish Massitulistamine Estonian تیراندازی جمعی Persian Fusillade de masse French Oll-lámhach Irish

Mass shooting

Aaron Alexis holding a gun during his deadly rampage in the Washington Navy Yard
Aaron Alexis, the perpetrator of the 2013 Washington Navy Yard shooting, who killed twelve and injured three
Pulse nightclub shooting memorial

A mass shooting is a violent crime in which one or more attackers kill or injure multiple individuals simultaneously using a firearm. There is no widely accepted definition of "mass shooting" and different organizations tracking such incidents use different definitions. Definitions of mass shootings exclude warfare and sometimes exclude instances of gang violence, armed robberies, familicides and terrorism. The perpetrator of an ongoing mass shooting may be referred to as an active shooter.

In the United States, the country with the most mass shootings, the Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012 defines mass killings as three or more killings in a single incident.[1] A Congressional Research Service report from 2013 specifies four or more killings on indiscriminate victims while excluding violence committed as a means to an end, such as robbery or terrorism.[2] Media outlets such as CNN and some crime violence research groups such as the Gun Violence Archive define mass shootings as involving "four or more shot (injured or killed) in a single incident, at the same general time and location, not including the shooter".[3] Mother Jones magazine defines mass shootings as indiscriminate rampages killing three or more individuals excluding the perpetrator, gang violence, and armed robbery.[4][5] An Australian study from 2006 specifies five individuals killed.[6]

The number of people killed in mass shootings is difficult to determine due to the lack of a commonly agreed definition. In the United States, there were 103 deaths in mass shootings in 2021 (excluding the perpetrators) using the FBI's definition, and 706 deaths using the Gun Violence Archive's definition.[7] The FBI's definition refers to "active shooter incidents" defined as "one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area", while the Gun Violence Archive's definition counts incidents where at least four people (excluding the perpetrator) were shot, but not necessarily killed.[7]

The motive for mass shootings (that occur in public locations) is usually that they are committed by deeply disgruntled individuals who are seeking revenge for failures in school, career, romance, or life in general[8] or who are seeking fame or attention[9] with at least 16 mass shooters since the Columbine massacre citing fame or notoriety as a motive.[10] Fame seekers average more than double the body counts, and many articulated a desire to surpass "past records".[10]

  1. ^ "Text - H.R.2076 - 112th Congress (2011–2012): Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012". www.congress.gov. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  2. ^ Bjelopera, Jerome P. (18 March 2013). "Public Mass Shootings in the United States: Selected Implications for Federal Public Health and Safety Policy" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2015. "There is no broadly agreed-to, specific conceptualization of this issue, so this report uses its own definition for public mass shootings."
  3. ^ "General Methodology - Gun Violence Archive". www.gunviolencearchive.org. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  4. ^ Follman, Mark; Aronsen, Gavin; Pan, Deanna. "US mass shootings, 1982–2022: Data from Mother Jones' investigation". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  5. ^ Follman, Mark; Aronsen, Gavin; Pan, Deanna. "A Guide to Mass Shootings in America". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  6. ^ Chapman, S. (December 2006). "Australia's 1996 gun law reforms: faster falls in firearm deaths, firearm suicides, and a decade without mass shootings". Injury Prevention. 12 (6): 365–72. doi:10.1136/ip.2006.013714. PMC 2704353. PMID 17170183.
  7. ^ a b Pew Research Center (26 April 2023). "What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S." Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  8. ^ Fox & DeLateur. Mass shootings in America: moving beyond Newtown Archived 2 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Homicide Studies, Vol 8(1), pp 125–145.
  9. ^ Lankford, Adam (1 March 2016). "Fame-seeking rampage shooters: Initial findings and empirical predictions". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 27: 122–129. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.02.002. ISSN 1359-1789. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Are the Media Making Mass Shootings Worse?". 16 September 2022. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.

Rich TVX News Network Site

Rich TVX News Network Info

© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search