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Matzoon

Matzoon
Alternative namesMatsoni,
Caspian Sea yoghurt
TypeFermented dairy product
Place of originArmenia
Region or stateArmenia, Georgia
Serving temperaturecold
Main ingredientsMilk

Matzoon[a] (Armenian: մածուն, matsun) or matsoni[b] (Georgian: მაწონი, mats'oni) is a fermented milk product of Armenian[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] origin found in Armenia[8] and Georgia.[9][10][11] The Caspian Sea yogurt commercialized in Japan is said to be the same type of yogurt as matzoon,[10] but a comparison of microbiota and viscosity found that the two are entirely different.[12] Georgian Matsoni has been a protected geographical indication in Georgia since 24 January 2012.[13][14][15]


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  1. ^ Joseph A. Kurmann; Jeremija Lj Rašić; Manfred Kroger (1992). Encyclopedia of fermented fresh milk products: an international inventory of fermented milk, cream, buttermilk, whey, and related products. Springer. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-442-00869-7. Matzoon (En); mazun (Fr, De); matsun, matsoni, maconi. Short Description: Of Armenian origin; Georgia, Caucasus (USSR); traditional product; the milk of ewes, goats, buffalo, or cows or mixtures thereof; yoghurtlike product traditionally made from boiled milk and an undefined starter culture; firm consistency and acidic flavor. Microbiology: Traditional product made with undefined starter culture consisting of thermophilic and mesophilic lactic streptococci and thermophilic lactobacilli, and often with yeasts. Starter culture with defined microflora: proposed Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.
  2. ^ Kirk, Lawrence Eldred (1948). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 12. Matzoon or mazun, originating in Armenia. A lactobacillus (L. mazun), a streptococcus, a spore-producing bacillus and a sugar- fermenting yeast are responsible for the fermentation of this product.
  3. ^ "Fermented milk". Columbia Encyclopedia (6 ed.). Columbia University Press. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  4. ^ Goldstein, Darra (2013-12-24). The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-27591-1.
  5. ^ Marks, Gil (1999-09-02). The: World of Jewish Cooking. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-83559-4.
  6. ^ Cultures, Yemoos Nourishing. "What is Matsoni?". Yemoos Nourishing Cultures. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
  7. ^ Marks, Gil (2008-03-11). Olive Trees and Honey: A Treasury of Vegetarian Recipes from Jewish Communities Around the World. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-544-18750-4.
  8. ^ "Matzoon, mat-soon". The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 18. Americana Corp. 1977. p. 446. ISBN 978-0-7172-0108-2. "a milk food used in Armenia; prepared by exposing milk in open vessels to a heat of 90°F., and when coagulation takes place the curd is broken up by a churning process and salt is added".
  9. ^ Goldstein, Darra (1999). The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia. University of California Press. p. 34.
  10. ^ a b Byers, Branden (2014). The Everyday Fermentation Handbook: A Real-Life Guide to Fermenting Food. p. 66. Matsoni, also known as Caspian Sea yogurt, this mesophilic yogurt comes from the region now known as Georgia
  11. ^ Kenji Uchida; Tadasu Urashima; Nino Chaniashvili; Ikiti Arai; Hidemasa Motoshima (2007). "Major microbiota of lactic acid bacteria from Matsoni, a traditional Georgian fermented milk". Animal Science Journal. 78: 85. doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00409.x.
  12. ^ Uchida, Kenji; Akashi, Keiko; Motoshima, Hidemasa; Urashima, Tadasu; Arai, Ikichi; Saito, Tadao (2009). "Microbiota analysis of Caspian Sea yogurt, a ropy fermented milk circulated in Japan". Animal Science Journal. 80 (2): 187–192. doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00607.x. ISSN 1344-3941. PMID 20163589.
  13. ^ "IPCG". www.sakpatenti.gov.ge. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
  14. ^ Kincha, Shota (2022-02-11). "Georgian-Armenian yoghurt dispute threatens to sour relations". OC Media. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
  15. ^ Martikian, Naira (2022-02-12). "Matsonigate: Armenian-Georgian dispute over traditional yogurt". English Jamnews. Retrieved 2024-01-20.

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