Maximilian von Spee

Reichsgraf Maximilian von Spee
Maximilian von Spee
Born	22 June 1861 Copenhagen, Denmark
Died	8 December 1914(1914-12-08) (aged 53) SMS Scharnhorst, South Atlantic, off the Falkland Islands
Allegiance	German Empire
Service/branch	Imperial German Navy
Years of service	1878–1914
Rank	Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral)
Commands held	SMS Hela SMS Pelikan SMS Wittelsbach East Asia Squadron
Battles/wars	Boxer Uprising World War I Battle of Papeete Battle of Coronel Battle of the Falkland Islands †

Maximilian Johannes Maria Hubert Reichsgraf^[1] von Spee (22 June 1861 – 8 December 1914) was a naval officer of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy), who commanded the East Asia Squadron during World War I. Spee entered the navy in 1878 and served in a variety of roles and locations, including on a colonial gunboat in German West Africa in the 1880s, the East Africa Squadron in the late 1890s, and as commander of several warships in the main German fleet in the early 1900s. During his time in Germany in the late 1880s and early 1890s, he married his wife, Margareta, and had three children, his sons Heinrich and Otto and his daughter Huberta. By 1912, he had returned to the East Asia Squadron as its commander, and was promoted to the rank of Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) the following year.

After the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Spee led his squadron across the Pacific to the coast of South America. Here on 1 November, he defeated the British 4th Cruiser Squadron under Rear Admiral Christopher Cradock in the Battle of Coronel, sinking two of Cradock's cruisers and forcing his other two ships to retreat. A month later, Spee decided to attack the British naval base in the Falkland Islands, but a superior British force surprised him. In the ensuing Battle of the Falkland Islands, Vice Admiral Doveton Sturdee's squadron, which included two powerful battlecruisers, destroyed the East Asia Squadron. Spee and his two sons, who happened to be serving on two of his ships, were all killed, along with about 2,200 other men. Spee was hailed as a hero in Germany, and several ships were named in his honor, including the heavy cruiser Admiral Graf Spee, which was built in the 1930s and was scuttled after the Battle of the River Plate during World War II.