Megapnosaurus

Megapnosaurus; Temporal range: Early Jurassic,
	Life restoration
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Coelophysidae
Genus:	†Megapnosaurus; Ivie et al., 2001
Type species
	†Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis; (Raath, 1969) Ivie et al., 2001
Synonyms
	Syntarsus rhodesiensis Raath, 1969 (preoccupied); Coelophysis rhodesiensis (Raath, 1969) Paul, 1988;

Megapnosaurus (meaning "big dead lizard", from Greek μεγα = "big", 'απνοος = "not breathing", "dead", σαυρος = "lizard"^[1]) is an extinct genus of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 188 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Africa. The species was a small to medium-sized, lightly built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, that could grow up to 2.2 m (7.2 ft) long and weigh up to 13 kg (29 lb). It was originally given the genus name Syntarsus,^[2] but that name was later determined to be preoccupied by a beetle.^[1] The species was subsequently given a new genus name, Megapnosaurus, by Ivie, Ślipiński & Węgrzynowicz in 2001. Some studies have classified it as a species within the genus Coelophysis,^[3] but this interpretation has been challenged by more subsequent studies and the genus Megapnosaurus is now considered valid.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

^ ^a ^b Ivie, M.A.; Slipinski, S.A.; Wegrzynowicz, P. (2001). "Generic Homonyms in the Colydiinae (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)". Insecta Mundi. 15 (1): 184.
^ Cite error: The named reference raath69 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ezcurra, M. D.; Brusatte, S. L. (2011). "Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of the early neotheropod dinosaur Camposaurus arizonensis from the Late Triassic of North America". Palaeontology. 54 (4): 763–772. Bibcode:2011Palgy..54..763E. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01069.x.
^ Spiekman, S.N.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Butler, R.J.; Fraser, N.C.; Maidment, S.C. (2021). "Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (10): 210915. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810915S. doi:10.1098/rsos.210915. PMC 8493203. PMID 34754500.
^ Ezcurra, Martín D; Butler, Richard J; Maidment, Susannah C R; Sansom, Ivan J; Meade, Luke E; Radley, Jonathan D (2021-01-01). "A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) of central England". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (1): 113–149. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa054. hdl:11336/160038. ISSN 0024-4082.
^ Martínez, R.N.; Apaldetti, C. (2017). "A Late Norian—Rhaetian Coelophysid Neotheropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Quebrada Del Barro Formation, Northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. 54 (5): 488–505. doi:10.5710/AMGH.09.04.2017.3065. hdl:11336/65519. S2CID 133341745.
^ Barta, D.E.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Norell, M.A. (2018). "The evolution of the manus of early theropod dinosaurs is characterized by high inter‐and intraspecific variation". Journal of Anatomy. 232 (1): 80–104. doi:10.1111/joa.12719. PMC 5735062. PMID 29114853.
^ Tolchard, F.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Desojo, J.B.; Viglietti, P.; Butler, R.J.; Choiniere, J.N. (2019). "'Rauisuchian' material from the lower Elliot Formation of South Africa and Lesotho: Implications for Late Triassic biogeography and biostratigraphy" (PDF). Journal of African Earth Sciences. 160: 103610. Bibcode:2019JAfES.16003610T. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103610. S2CID 202902771.
^ McDavid, Skye N; Bugos, Jeb E (2022-08-02). "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)". The Mosasaur (12): 1–5. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7027378.

[:6-1] Ivie, M.A.; Slipinski, S.A.; Wegrzynowicz, P. (2001). "Generic Homonyms in the Colydiinae (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)". Insecta Mundi. 15 (1): 184.

[raath69-2] Cite error: The named reference raath69 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Ezcurra11-3] Ezcurra, M. D.; Brusatte, S. L. (2011). "Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of the early neotheropod dinosaur Camposaurus arizonensis from the Late Triassic of North America". Palaeontology. 54 (4): 763–772. Bibcode:2011Palgy..54..763E. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01069.x.

[:2-4] Spiekman, S.N.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Butler, R.J.; Fraser, N.C.; Maidment, S.C. (2021). "Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (10): 210915. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810915S. doi:10.1098/rsos.210915. PMC 8493203. PMID 34754500.

[:3-5] Ezcurra, Martín D; Butler, Richard J; Maidment, Susannah C R; Sansom, Ivan J; Meade, Luke E; Radley, Jonathan D (2021-01-01). "A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) of central England". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (1): 113–149. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa054. hdl:11336/160038. ISSN 0024-4082.

[:4-6] Martínez, R.N.; Apaldetti, C. (2017). "A Late Norian—Rhaetian Coelophysid Neotheropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Quebrada Del Barro Formation, Northwestern Argentina". Ameghiniana. 54 (5): 488–505. doi:10.5710/AMGH.09.04.2017.3065. hdl:11336/65519. S2CID 133341745.

[:5-7] Barta, D.E.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Norell, M.A. (2018). "The evolution of the manus of early theropod dinosaurs is characterized by high inter‐and intraspecific variation". Journal of Anatomy. 232 (1): 80–104. doi:10.1111/joa.12719. PMC 5735062. PMID 29114853.

[8] Tolchard, F.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Desojo, J.B.; Viglietti, P.; Butler, R.J.; Choiniere, J.N. (2019). "'Rauisuchian' material from the lower Elliot Formation of South Africa and Lesotho: Implications for Late Triassic biogeography and biostratigraphy" (PDF). Journal of African Earth Sciences. 160: 103610. Bibcode:2019JAfES.16003610T. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103610. S2CID 202902771.

[9] McDavid, Skye N; Bugos, Jeb E (2022-08-02). "Taxonomic notes on Megapnosaurus and 'Syntarsus' (Theropoda: Coelophysidae)". The Mosasaur (12): 1–5. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7027378.

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