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Mephistopheles

For other uses, see Mephistopheles (disambiguation).
Mephistopheles flying over Wittenberg, in a lithograph by Eugène Delacroix

Mephistopheles[a] (/ˌmɛfɪˈstɒfɪliːz/ MEF-ist-OF-il-eez, German: [mefɪˈstoːfəlɛs] ⓘ), also known as Mephostophilis[1] or Mephisto,[2] is a demon featured in German folklore, originating as the chief devil in the Faust legend.[3] He has since become a stock character appearing in other works of arts and popular culture. Mephistopheles never became an integral part of traditional magic.[4] He is also referred to as the Shadow of Lucifer and Prince of Trickery.

During the medieval and Renaissance times, Mephistopheles is equated with the devil due to his high position in the hellish hierarchy. He is one of the seven great princes of Hell, along with being one of the first four angels who rebelled against God and fell.[5]


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  1. ^ Bishop, Paul, ed. (2006). A companion to Goethe's Faust: parts I and II. Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture (Repr. in paperback ed.). Rochester, NY: Camden House. ISBN 978-1-57113-162-1.
  2. ^ "Mephistopheles". Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 July 1998.
  3. ^ "Definition of MEPHISTOPHELES". www.merriam-webster.com. 2025-02-17. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  4. ^ "Mephistopheles | Faust, Demon, Devil | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  5. ^ Mason, Asenath (2006). The Book of Mephisto. Edition Roter Drache. ISBN 978-3-939459-00-2.

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