Middlesbrough

Middlesbrough
Town
From the top left; Tops: the skyline and town hall Middles: Newport Bridge, Transporter Bridge and Dock Clock Tower Bottom: Riverside Stadium
Middlesbrough Location within North Yorkshire
Population
• Borough (2022)	148,285
• Built-up area (2021)	148,215[1]
OS grid reference	NZ495204
• London	217 mi (349 km) S
Unitary authority	Middlesbrough
Ceremonial county	North Yorkshire
Region	North East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Areas of the town	List Acklam Ayresome Berwick Hills Brambles Farm Coulby Newham Easterside Grove Hill Hemlington Linthorpe Marton Middlehaven Ormesby (part) Nunthorpe (parished) Pallister Stainton (parished) Saltersgill Thornton (parished) Thorntree Tollesby Whinney Banks
Post town	MIDDLESBROUGH
Postcode district	TS1 – TS9
Dialling code	01642
Police	Cleveland
Fire	Cleveland
Ambulance	North East
UK Parliament	Middlesbrough Middlesbrough South & East Cleveland
Website	middlesbrough.gov.uk
List of places UK England Yorkshire 54°34′36″N 1°14′08″W / 54.5767°N 1.2355°W / 54.5767; -1.2355

Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ^ⓘ MID-əlz-brə) is a town in the Middlesbrough unitary authority borough of North Yorkshire, England. The town lies near the mouth of the River Tees and north of the North York Moors National Park. The built-up area had a population of 148,215 at the 2021 UK census.^[1] It is the largest town of the wider urban Tees Valley area, which had a population of 678,400 in 2021.^[2]

Until the early 1800s, the area was rural farmland in the historic county of Yorkshire. The town was a planned development which started in 1830, based around a new port with coal and later ironworks added. Steel production and ship building began in the late 1800s, remaining associated with the town until the post-industrial decline of the late twentieth century. Trade (notably through ports) and digital enterprise sectors contemporarily contribute to the local economy, Teesside University and Middlesbrough College to local education.

Middlesbrough was made a municipal borough in 1853. When elected county councils were created in 1889, Middlesbrough was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services and so it became a county borough, independent from North Riding County Council. The borough of Middlesbrough was abolished in 1968 when the area was absorbed into the larger County Borough of Teesside. Six years later in 1974 Middlesbrough was re-established as a borough within the new county of Cleveland. Cleveland was abolished in 1996, since when Middlesbrough has been a unitary authority within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. However, since its establishment in 2016, the former area of Cleveland, including Middlesbrough, has been also governed by the Tees Valley Combined Authority, which has had a directly elected Mayor since 2017.^[3]