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| Milkfish Temporal range: Early Eocene–present
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| French Polynesia | |
_locally_called_%27bangus%27_in_a_Philippine_market.jpg)
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| Milkfish (locally bangús) in a Philippine fish market | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gonorynchiformes |
| Family: | Chanidae |
| Subfamily: | Chaninae |
| Genus: | Chanos Lacépède, 1803 |
| Species: | C. chanos
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| Binomial name | |
| Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
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| Synonyms | |
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The milkfish (Chanos chanos) is a widespread species of ray-finned fish found throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is the sole living species in the family Chanidae, and the only living member of the genus Chanos.[2][3][4] The repeating scientific name (tautonym) is from Greek khanos (χάνος ‘mouth’).[5][6]
The species has many common names. The Hawaiian name for the fish is awa, and in Tahitian it is ava. It is called bangús (Tagalog: [bɐˈŋus]) in the Philippines, where it is popularly known as the national fish, although the National Commission for Culture and the Arts has stated that this is not the case as it has no basis in Philippine law.[7] In the Nauruan language, it is referred to as ibiya. Milkfish is also called bandeng or bolu in Indonesia.[8]
Chanos chanos occurs in the Indian Ocean and across the Pacific Ocean, from South Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas, from California to the Galapagos, north to Japan, south to Australia. A single specimen was reported in 2012 in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.[9]
Milkfishes commonly live in tropical offshore marine waters around islands and along continental shelves, at depths of 1 to 30 m. They also frequently enter estuaries and rivers.[8]
- ^ Freyhof, J.; Sparks, J.S.; Kaymaram, F.; Feary, D.; Bishop, J.; Al-Husaini, M.; Almukhtar, M.; Hartmann, S.; Alam, S.; Al-Khalaf, K. (2019). "Chanos chanos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T60324A151598011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T60324A151598011.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke, eds. (4 January 2016). "Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2015). "Chanidae" in FishBase. October 2015 version.
- ^ Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.
- ^ "Chanidae". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. “from Greek chanos mouth”
- ^ David Starr Jordan; et al. (1896). The Fishes of North and Middle America, pt. 1. Government Printing Office. p. 414. OCLC 1052833.
from χάνος, the open mouth
- ^ Pangilinan, Leon Jr. (3 October 2014). "In Focus: 9 Facts You May Not Know About Philippine National Symbols". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
FishBasewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Chanos chanos). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Chanos_chanos.pdf
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