Million Programme

Refurbished Million Programme homes in Rinkeby (2009)

The Million Programme (Swedish: Miljonprogrammet) was a large public housing program implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to ensure the availability of affordable, high quality housing to all Swedish citizens. The program sought to construct one million new housing dwellings over a ten-year period, which it accomplished.[a][1] As part of its intention to modernize Swedish housing, it also demolished many older buildings that national and local governments considered obsolescent, unhealthy or derelict.[2]

At the time, the intention to build one million new homes in a nation with a population of eight million made the Million Programme the most ambitious building programme in the world.[citation needed] In contrast to the social housing proposals of many other developed countries, which is targeted at those with low incomes, the Million Programme was a universal program intended to provide housing to Swedish people at a variety of income levels.[b][6]


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  1. ^ Hall, Thomas; Vidén, Sonja (July 2005). "The Million Homes Programme: a review of the great Swedish planning project". Planning Perspectives. 20 (3): 301–328. Bibcode:2005PlPer..20..301H. doi:10.1080/02665430500130233. S2CID 154380408 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  2. ^ Verkasalo, Aino; Hirvonen, Jukka (June 2017). "Post-war urban renewal and demolition fluctuations in Sweden". Planning Perspectives. 32 (3): 425–435. Bibcode:2017PlPer..32..425V. doi:10.1080/02665433.2017.1299635. S2CID 114195047 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  3. ^ Lundberg, Urban; Åmark, Klas (2001). "Social Rights and Social Security: The Swedish Welfare State, 1900–2000". Scandinavian Journal of History. 26 (3): 157–176. doi:10.1080/034687501750303837. PMID 17844640. S2CID 30803271 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  4. ^ Bengtsson, Bo (November 2001). "Housing as a Social Right: Implications for Welfare State Theory". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (4): 255–275. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00056 – via Wiley Online Library.
  5. ^ Holmqvist, Emma; Turner, Lena Magnusson (2014). "Swedish welfare state and housing markets: under economic and political pressure". Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 29 (2): 237–254. doi:10.1007/s10901-013-9391-0. S2CID 254703820 – via SpringerLink.
  6. ^ Hatherly, Owen (June 16, 2013). "How Sweden's innovative housing programme fell foul of privatisation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022.

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