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| Mongol invasion of Circassia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Mongol invasions | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Mongol Empire |
 Zichia (Circassia) Kingdom of Alania | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Ögedei Khan |
Tuqar † Tuqbash † Khour I | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 200,000 | Unknown | ||||||||
| Part of a series on the |
| Circassians Адыгэхэр |
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The Mongol invasion of Circassia and Alania refers to the invasion of Circassia and Alania by the Mongolian Empire. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols launched massive invasions of the territory of Circassia and Alania.[1] William of Rubruck, who travelled to the Caucasus in 1253,[2] wrote that the Circassians had never "bowed to Mongol rule", despite the fact that a whole fifth of the Mongol armies were at that time devoted to the task of crushing the Alano-Circassian resistance.[3] Circassians and Alans made use of both the forests and the mountains, and waged a successful guerrilla war,[1] maintaining their freedom to some extent.[4][5]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
AnchabInvade1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
JaimoukhaInvade1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Bashqawi, Adel. Circassia: Born to Be Free. ISBN 1543447643.
- ^ "Черкесия оставалась независимой от Монгольской империи, основанной Чингис-ханом". www.geopolitical.tv. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
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