Back Nabi Musa ACE Moses Afrikaans Moses ALS ሙሴ Amharic Moisen AN موسى Arabic ܡܘܫܐ ARC موسى ARZ Moisés AST Musa Azerbaijani

Moses

For other uses, see Moses (disambiguation).

Prophet
Moses
מֹשֶׁה
Moses with the Tablets of the Law (1624), by Guido Reni
Personal
Born
Goshen, Lower Egypt, Ancient Egypt
Died
Mount Nebo, Moab, Transjordan
Religionsee Abrahamic religions section
NationalityEgyptian
Israelite
SpouseZipporah
Unnamed Cushite woman[1]
Children
Parents
Known forMost important prophet in Judaism
Major prophet in Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí Faith, Druze Faith, Rastafari, and Samaritanism
Relatives

Moses[note 1] was a Hebrew teacher and leader[2] considered the most important prophet in Judaism[3][4] and one of the most important prophets in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and other Abrahamic religions. According to both the Bible and the Quran,[5] Moses was the leader of the Israelites and lawgiver to whom the prophetic authorship of the Torah (the first five books of the Bible) is attributed.[6]

According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Israelites, an enslaved minority, were increasing in population and, as a result, the Egyptian Pharaoh worried that they might ally themselves with Egypt's enemies.[7] Moses' Hebrew mother, Jochebed, secretly hid him when Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed in order to reduce the population of the Israelites. Through Pharaoh's daughter, the child was adopted as a foundling from the Nile and grew up with the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slave-master who was beating a Hebrew, Moses fled across the Red Sea to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord,[8] speaking to him from within a burning bush on Mount Horeb, which he regarded as the Mountain of God.

God sent Moses back to Egypt to demand the release of the Israelites from slavery. Moses said that he could not speak eloquently,[9] so God allowed Aaron, his elder brother,[10] to become his spokesperson. After the Ten Plagues, Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments. After 40 years of wandering in the desert, Moses died on Mount Nebo at the age of 120, within sight of the Promised Land.[11]

Scholars generally regard the Exodus as unhistorical and Moses as a legendary figure whose core biographical elements were stylized along the lines of the Sargon of Akkad legend[12][13] with the possibility of a historical antecedent.[14] Rabbinical Judaism calculated a lifespan of Moses corresponding to 1391–1271 BC;[15] Jerome suggested 1592 BC,[16] and James Ussher suggested 1571 BC as his birth year.[17][note 2] The Egyptian name "Moses" is mentioned in ancient Egyptian literature.[20][21] In the writing of Jewish historian Josephus, ancient Egyptian historian Manetho is quoted writing of a treasonous ancient Egyptian priest, Osarseph, who renamed himself Moses and led a successful coup against the presiding pharaoh, subsequently ruling Egypt for years until the pharaoh regained power and expelled Osarseph and his supporters.[22][23][24]

Moses has often been portrayed in Christian art and literature, for instance in Michelangelo's Moses and in works at a number of US government buildings. In the medieval and Renaissance period, he is frequently shown as having small horns, as the result of a mistranslation in the Latin Vulgate bible, which nevertheless at times could reflect Christian ambivalence or have overtly antisemitic connotations.

  1. ^ Filler, Elad. "Moses and the Kushite Woman: Classic Interpretations and Philo's Allegory". TheTorah.com. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  2. ^ Beegle, Dewey M. (2024) [1999]. "Moses". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  3. ^ "Deuteronomy 34:10". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  4. ^ Maimonides, 13 principles of faith, 7th principle.
  5. ^ "Moses". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  6. ^ Dever, William G. (2001). "Getting at the "History behind the History"". What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 97–102. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3. OCLC 46394298.
  7. ^ Exodus 1:10
  8. ^ Douglas K. Stuart (2006). Exodus: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture. B&H Publishing Group. pp. 110–13.
  9. ^ Exodus 4:10
  10. ^ Exodus 7:7
  11. ^ Kugler, Gili (December 2018). Shepherd, David; Tiemeyer, Lena-Sofia (eds.). "Moses died and the people moved on: A hidden narrative in Deuteronomy". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. 43 (2). SAGE Publications: 191–204. doi:10.1177/0309089217711030. ISSN 1476-6728. S2CID 171688935.
  12. ^ Finlay, Timothy D. (2005). The Birth Report Genre in the Hebrew Bible. Forschungen zum Alten Testament. Vol. 12. Mohr Siebeck. p. 236. ISBN 978-3-16-148745-3.
  13. ^ Frevel, Christian. History of Ancient Israel. Atlanta, Georgia. SBL Press. 2023. p. 61, 63. ISBN 9781628375138. “The exodus—as the Bible describes it—is not historical.” “The degree to which Moses represents a biblically stylized figure, whose depiction takes its inspiration from existing traditions, is shown by the proximity of his birth narrative to the Sargon legend. The biography of Moses was developed in the Neo-Assyrian period in the eighth century BCE and, like the later genealogy (Exod 6:18-20), has no reference to a historical person in the thirteenth century BCE.”
  14. ^ Dever, William G. (2001). What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3. A Moses-like figure may have existed somewhere in southern Transjordan in the mid-late 13th century s.c., where many scholars think the biblical traditions concerning the god Yahweh arose.
  15. ^ Seder Olam Rabbah[full citation needed]
  16. ^ Jerome's Chronicon (4th century) gives 1592 for the birth of Moses
  17. ^ The 17th-century Ussher chronology calculates 1571 BC (Annals of the World, 1658 paragraph 164)
  18. ^ St Augustine. The City of God. Book XVIII. Chapter 8 - Who Were Kings When Moses Was Born, And What Gods Began To Be Worshipped Then.
  19. ^ Hoeh, Herman L (1967), Compendium of World History (dissertation), vol. 1, The Faculty of the Ambassador College, Graduate School of Theology, 1962.
  20. ^ Ushi. (2023). Let’s Hear It From The Pharaohs: The Egyptian Story of Moses. Museum of the Jewish People. https://www.anumuseum.org.il/blog/lets-hear-it-from-the-pharaohs-the-egyptian-story-of-moses/
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Knohl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Gruen, E. S. (1998). The Use and Abuse of the Exodus Story. Jewish History, 12(1), 93–122. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20101326
  23. ^ Feldman, L. H. (1998). Responses: Did Jews Reshape the Tale of the Exodus?. Jewish History, 123-127.
  24. ^ Newman, S. A. (2016). Moses is cured of leprosy. Jewish Bible Quarterly, 44(3), 166-170.


Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

Rich TVX News Network Site

Rich TVX News Network Info

© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search