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Muhammad bin Tughluq

For other uses, see Muhammad bin Tughluq (disambiguation).

Muhammad bin Tughluq
Fakhr Malik
Mughal painting depicting the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq
18th Sultan of Delhi
Reign1 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
PredecessorGhiyasuddin Tughlaq
SuccessorFiroz Shah Tughlaq
Bornc. 1290
Delhi, India
Died20 March 1351 (aged 60–61)
Burial
Tughlaqabad, Delhi
DynastyTughlaq Dynasty
FatherGhiyasuddin Tughlaq
ReligionIslam
Firman of Muhammad bin Tughluq dated Shawwal 725 AH/September–October 1325. At the very top is an invocation to God, below which is the large tughra with the ruler's name and titles.[1] Keir Collection

Muhammad bin Tughluq (Persian pronunciation: [mohæmmæd bon tuɡluq]; 1290 – 20 March 1351), also named Jauna Khan as Crown Prince,[2] also known by his epithets, The Eccentric Prince,[3] or The Mad Sultan,[4] or The Wisest Fool was the eighteenth Sultan of Delhi. He reigned from February 1325 until his death in 1351. The sultan was the eldest son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, founder of the Tughlaq dynasty.[5] In 1321, the young Muhammad was sent by his father to the Deccan Plateau to fight a military campaign against the Kakatiya dynasty. In 1323, the future sultan successfully laid siege upon the Kakatiya capital in Warangal. This victory over King Prataparudra ended the Kakatiya dynasty.[6]

Muhammad ascended to the Delhi throne upon his father's death in 1325. Accounts by visitors of the Sultan Muhammad describe him as an "inhuman eccentric" with bizarre character.[7] The sultan is said to have ordered the massacre of all the inhabitants of the city of Kannauj.[8] He is also known for his wild policy swings.[9]

Muhammad bin Tughluq had an interest in medicine. He was also skilled in several languages: Persian, Hindavi, Arabic, Sanskrit and Turkic.[10] Ibn Battuta, the famous traveler and jurist from Morocco, wrote in his book about his time at the Sultan's court.[11]

  1. ^ Blair, p. 383.
  2. ^ Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3), London, Trübner & Co
  3. ^ Tiwari, Shubha (2007). Contemporary Indian Dramatists. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 75. ISBN 978-81-269-0871-4. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  4. ^ Douthwaite, John; Virdis, Daniela Francesca; Zurru, Elisabetta (15 November 2017). The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 230. ISBN 978-90-272-6460-2. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  5. ^ Douie, James M. (1916). The Panjab North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 171.
  6. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 91–97. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  7. ^ Sewell, Robert. A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar). Swan Sonnenschein & Co. pp. 12–15.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Venkatesh, Karthik (18 March 2017). "Muhammad bin Tughlaq: The Sultan of Swing". Livemint. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Canetti, Elias (1984). Crowds and Power. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-51820-3.

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