Back علم الفلك متعدد الرسل Arabic Astronomie multimessager French Astronomia multi-messaggio Italian マルチメッセンジャー天文学 Japanese 다중 신호 천문학 Korean Astronomia wieloaspektowa Polish Многоканальная астрономия Russian Багатоканальна астрономія Ukrainian 多信使天文学 Chinese
Multi-messenger astronomy is the coordinated observation and interpretation of multiple signals received from the same astronomical event. Many types of cosmological events involve complex interactions between a variety of astrophysical processes, each of which may independently emit signals of a characteristic "messenger" type: electromagnetic radiation (including visible light), gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. When received on Earth, identifying that disparate observations were generated by the same source can allow for improved reconstruction or a better understanding of the event, and reveals more information about the source.
The main multi-messenger sources outside the heliosphere are expected to be compact binary pairs (black holes and neutron stars), supernovae, irregular neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and relativistic jets.[1][2][3] The table below lists several types of events and expected messengers.
Detection from one messenger and non-detection from a different messenger can also be informative.[4] Lack of any electromagnetic counterpart, for example, could be evidence in support of the remnant being a black hole.
| Event type | Electromagnetic | Cosmic rays | Gravitational waves | Neutrinos | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar flare | yes | yes | - | - | SOL1942-02-28[5][failed verification] |
| Supernova | yes | - | predicted[6] | yes | SN 1987A |
| Neutron star merger | yes | - | yes | predicted[7] | GW170817 |
| Blazar | yes | possible | - | yes | TXS 0506+056 (IceCube) |
| Active galactic nucleus | yes | possible | yes | Messier 77[8][9] (IceCube) | |
| Tidal disruption event | yes | possible | possible | yes | AT2019dsg[10] (IceCube)
AT2019fdr[11] (IceCube) |
- ^ Bartos, Imre; Kowalski, Marek (2017). Multimessenger Astronomy. IOP Publishing. Bibcode:2017muas.book.....B. doi:10.1088/978-0-7503-1369-8. ISBN 978-0-7503-1369-8.
- ^ Franckowiak, Anna (2017). "Multimessenger Astronomy with Neutrinos". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 888 (12009): 012009. Bibcode:2017JPhCS.888a2009F. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/888/1/012009.
- ^ Branchesi, Marica (2016). "Multi-messenger astronomy: gravitational waves, neutrinos, photons, and cosmic rays". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 718 (22004): 022004. Bibcode:2016JPhCS.718b2004B. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/718/2/022004.
- ^ Abadie, J.; et al. (The LIGO Collaboration) (2012). "Implications for the origins of GRB 051103 from the LIGO observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 755 (1): 2. arXiv:1201.4413. Bibcode:2012ApJ...755....2A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/2. S2CID 15494223.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
solarflarewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Supernova Theory Group: Core-Collapse Supernova Gravitational Wave Signature Catalog
- ^ "No neutrino emission from a binary neutron star merger". 16 October 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ IceCube Collaboration*†; Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Ahrens, M.; Alameddine, J. M.; Alispach, C.; Alves, A. A.; Amin, N. M.; Andeen, K.; Anderson, T.; Anton, G.; Argüelles, C. (2022-11-04). "Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068". Science. 378 (6619): 538–543. arXiv:2211.09972. Bibcode:2022Sci...378..538I. doi:10.1126/science.abg3395. hdl:1854/LU-01GSA90WVKWXWD30RYFKKK1XC6. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36378962. S2CID 253320297.
- ^ Staff (3 November 2022). "IceCube neutrinos give us first glimpse into the inner depths of an active galaxy". IceCube. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
AT2019dsgwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Reusch, Simeon; Stein, Robert; Kowalski, Marek; van Velzen, Sjoert; Franckowiak, Anna; Lunardini, Cecilia; Murase, Kohta; Winter, Walter; Miller-Jones, James C. A.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Gilfanov, Marat (2022-06-03). "Candidate Tidal Disruption Event AT2019fdr Coincident with a High-Energy Neutrino". Physical Review Letters. 128 (22): 221101. arXiv:2111.09390. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.128v1101R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.221101. hdl:20.500.11937/90027. PMID 35714251. S2CID 244345574.
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