Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey

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Classical Age

Achaemenid Empire	559–331 BC
Kingdom of Alexander the Great	334–301 BC
Kingdom of Cappadocia	322–130 BC
Antigonids	306–168 BC
Seleucid Empire	305–64 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom	305–30 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	302–64 BC
Bithynia	297–74 BC
Attalid kingdom	282–129 BC
Galatia	281–64 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC–224 AD
Armenian Empire	190 BC–428 AD
Roman Republic	133–27 BC
Commagene	163 BC–72 AD
Ancient Rome	133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
Sasanian Empire	224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)

Medieval Age

Medieval Anatolia

Eastern Roman Empire	(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as Empire of Nicaea)
Rashidun Caliphate	(637–656)
Great Seljuk State	(1037–1194)
Danishmends	(1071–1178)
Sultanate of Rum	(1077–1307)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	(1078–1375)
Anatolian beyliks	(1081–1423)
County of Edessa	(1098–1150)
Artuqids	(1101–1409)
Empire of Trebizond	(1204–1461)
Latin Empire	(1204–1261)
Karamanids	(1250–1487)
Ilkhanate	(1256–1335)
Kara Koyunlu	(1375–1468)
Ak Koyunlu	(1378–1501)

Timeline

The multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye'de çok partili dönem) started in 1945.