Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding

MUSE (Multiple sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding),^[1] commercially known as Hi-Vision (a contraction of HIgh-definition teleVISION)^[1] was a Japanese analog high-definition television system, with design efforts going back to 1979.^[2]

It used dot-interlacing and digital video compression to deliver 1125 line, 60 field-per-second (1125i60) ^[2] signals to the home. The system was standardized as ITU-R recommendation BO.786^[3] and specified by SMPTE 260M,^[4] using a colorimetry matrix specified by SMPTE 240M.^[5] As with other analog systems, not all lines carry visible information. On MUSE there are 1035 active interlaced lines, therefore this system is sometimes also mentioned as 1035i.^[6] It employed 2-dimensional filtering, dot-interlacing, motion-vector compensation and line-sequential color encoding with time compression to "fold" an original 20 MHz bandwidth source signal into just 8.1 MHz.

Japan began broadcasting wideband analog HDTV signals in December 1988,^[7] initially with an aspect ratio of 2:1. The Sony HDVS high-definition video system was used to create content for the MUSE system.^[2] By the time of its commercial launch in 1991, digital HDTV was already under development in the United States. Hi-Vision was mainly broadcast by NHK through their BShi satellite TV channel.

On May 20, 1994, Panasonic released the first MUSE LaserDisc player.^[8] There were also a number of players available from other brands like Pioneer and Sony

Hi-Vision continued broadcasting in analog until 2007.

^ ^a ^b "DBNSTJ : Realization of High-Definition Television by MUSE System". dbnst.nii.ac.jp.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cianci, Philip J. (January 10, 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974 – via Google Books.
^ "MUSE system for HDTV broadcasting-satellite services" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. 1992. ITU-R BO.786.
^ "ST 240:1999 - SMPTE Standard - For Television — 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems — Signal Parameters". St 240:1999: 1–7. November 30, 1999. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST240.1999. ISBN 978-1-61482-389-6 – via IEEE Xplore.
^ ANSI/SMPTE 240M-1995 - Signal Parameters 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems (PDF). SMPTE. 1995.
^ Poynton, Charles (January 3, 2003). Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080504308 – via Google Books.
^ "MUSE LaserDisc". ura.caldc.com. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
^ "MUSE HI-DEF LaserDisc Players". LaserDisc UK Web Site. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2021.

[:0-1] "DBNSTJ : Realization of High-Definition Television by MUSE System". dbnst.nii.ac.jp.

[auto1-2] Cianci, Philip J. (January 10, 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974 – via Google Books.

[ITU-R_BO.786-3] "MUSE system for HDTV broadcasting-satellite services" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. 1992. ITU-R BO.786.

[4] "ST 240:1999 - SMPTE Standard - For Television — 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems — Signal Parameters". St 240:1999: 1–7. November 30, 1999. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST240.1999. ISBN 978-1-61482-389-6 – via IEEE Xplore.

[auto5-5] ANSI/SMPTE 240M-1995 - Signal Parameters 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems (PDF). SMPTE. 1995.

[6] Poynton, Charles (January 3, 2003). Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080504308 – via Google Books.

[:1-7] "MUSE LaserDisc". ura.caldc.com. Retrieved 2022-10-19.

[auto3-8] "MUSE HI-DEF LaserDisc Players". LaserDisc UK Web Site. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2021.

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