Mutamaṣṣirūn (Arabic: متمصرون; singular: Mutamaṣṣir, متمصر; literally "Egyptianized")[1] refers to Europeans residing and/or naturalized in Egypt, primarily during the 19th and 20th centuries. The community mainly consisted of Greeks, Italians, Jews, Armenians and Maltese people.
The Mutamassirun community was first established in Egypt in the early 19th century, following the French campaign and Muhammad Ali's seizure of power. From the early 20th century they became an important component of Egyptian society, and despite their diversity were usually viewed as a homogeneous group by Egyptian nationalists.[2] The populations that carried British or French nationality (e.g. Greeks, Italians and Jews) were expelled in the 1950s in retaliation for the Suez Crisis.
Around 6,000–60,000 ethnic Greeks and 3,000 ethnic Italians, descendants of their Mutamassirun ancestors, remain in Egypt today but changed their nationality to Egyptian.[citation needed]
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