Myostatin

MSTN
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3HH2, 3SEK
Identifiers
Aliases	MSTN, GDF8, MSLHP, myostatin
External IDs	OMIM: 601788; MGI: 95691; HomoloGene: 3850; GeneCards: MSTN; OMA:MSTN - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q32.2 Start 190,055,700 bp[1] End 190,062,729 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 C1.1|1 26.99 cM Start 53,100,799 bp[2] End 53,107,238 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in vastus lateralis muscle biceps brachii skeletal muscle tissue gastrocnemius muscle deltoid muscle left adrenal gland canal of the cervix Achilles tendon ascending aorta stromal cell of endometrium Top expressed in gastrocnemius muscle quadriceps femoris muscle extensor digitorum longus muscle extraocular muscle plantaris muscle masseter muscle tibialis anterior muscle thoracic diaphragm zone of skin skin of back More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function cytokine activity heparin binding protein binding transforming growth factor beta receptor binding growth factor activity signaling receptor binding protein homodimerization activity identical protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular region extracellular space Biological process regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling negative regulation of myoblast differentiation regulation of MAPK cascade SMAD protein signal transduction muscle cell cellular homeostasis cell development response to testosterone positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation muscle organ development response to glucocorticoid response to heat response to electrical stimulus negative regulation of myoblast proliferation ovulation cycle process cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy response to estrogen negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated response to gravity negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway skeletal muscle tissue regeneration skeletal muscle atrophy negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation response to ethanol negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway response to muscle activity negative regulation of kinase activity regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2660 17700 Ensembl ENSG00000138379 ENSMUSG00000026100 UniProt O14793 O08689 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005259 NM_010834 RefSeq (protein) NP_005250 NP_034964 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 190.06 – 190.06 Mb Chr 1: 53.1 – 53.11 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Myostatin (also known as growth differentiation factor 8, abbreviated GDF8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSTN gene.^[6] Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth.^[7] Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor that is a member of the TGF beta protein family.^[8][9]

Myostatin is assembled and produced in skeletal muscle before it is released into the blood stream.^[10] Most of the data regarding the effects of myostatin comes from studies performed on mice.^[11]

Animals either lacking myostatin or treated with substances that block the activity of myostatin have significantly more muscle mass. Furthermore, individuals who have mutations in both copies of the myostatin gene (popularly, but inaccurately called the "Hercules gene") have significantly more muscle mass and are stronger than normal. There is hope that studies into myostatin may have therapeutic application in treating muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophy.^[12]