Namhansanseong

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UNESCO World Heritage Site
Sueojangdae (command post; 2002)
Location	Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
Reference	1439
Inscription	2014 (38th Session)
Area	409.06 ha (1.5794 sq mi)
Buffer zone	853.71 ha (3.2962 sq mi)
Coordinates	37°28′44″N 127°10′52″E / 37.47889°N 127.18111°E / 37.47889; 127.18111
Korean name
Hangul	남한산성
Hanja	南漢山城
Revised Romanization	Namhansanseong
McCune–Reischauer	Namhansansŏng

Namhansanseong (Korean: 남한산성) is a historic mountain fortress city in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the fortress lies atop the mountain Namhansan and stretches 12 km in length. It served as an emergency capital city during the 1392–1910 Joseon period. The design is based on fortress architecture of East Asia, embodying aspects of four historical cultural styles: the Joseon of Korea, the Azuchi-Momoyama Period of Japan, and Ming and Qing China.^[1][2]

It was extensively developed during the 16th to 18th centuries, a period of continuous warfare. The technical development of weaponry and armaments during this period, which saw the use of gunpowder imported from Europe, also greatly influenced the architecture and layout of the fortress. Namhansanseong portrays how the various theories of defense mechanisms in Korea were put to form by combining the everyday living environment with defense objectives. The fortress indicates how Buddhism played an influential role in protecting the state, and it became a symbol of sovereignty in Korea.^[1][2]

It can be accessed from Seoul through Namhansanseong station of Seoul Subway Line 8.