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Nanjing
南京市 Nanking, Nan-ching | |
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![]() Location of Nanjing City jurisdiction in Jiangsu | |
Coordinates: 32°03′39″N 118°46′44″E / 32.06083°N 118.77889°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Jiangsu |
County-level | 11 |
Township-level | 129 |
Settled | unknown (Yecheng, 495 BCE. Jinling City, 333 BCE) |
Municipal seat | Xuanwu District |
Government | |
• Type | Sub-provincial city |
• Body | Nanjing Municipal People's Congress |
• CCP Secretary | Han Liming |
• Congress Chairman | Long Xiang |
• Mayor | Chen Zhichang |
• CPPCC Chairman | Liu Yi'an |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 6,587 km2 (2,543 sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,398.69 km2 (540.04 sq mi) |
Elevation | 20 m (50 ft) |
Population (2020 census) | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 9,314,685 |
• Density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
• Urban | 9,314,685 |
• Metro | 9,648,136 |
Demonym | Nankinese or Nanjinger[a] |
GDP[2] | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | CN¥ 1.636 trillion US$ 253.6 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 175,587 US$ 27,223 |
Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 210000–211300 |
Area code | 25 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-JS-01 |
Human Development Index | 0.859 (very high) |
Website | City of Nanjing |
City flowers Méi (Prunus mume) |
Nanjing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() "Nanjing" in Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 南京 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Postal | Nanking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "Southern Capital" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nanjing[b] is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi), and a population of 9,423,400 as of 2021[update].[6] Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949,[7] and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure,[8] enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province.[9] It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City.[10] Nanjing is also considered a Beta (global second-tier) city classification, together with Chongqing, Hangzhou and Tianjin by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[11] and ranked as one of the world's top 100 cities in the Global Financial Centres Index.[12]
By 2021, Nanjing has 68 institutions of higher learning,[13] including 13 double-first-class universities, ten 111-plan universities, eight 211 universities, and 97 academies. Nanjing has many highly ranked educational institutions,[14] with the number of universities (13) listed in 147 Double First-Class Universities ranking third (after Beijing and Shanghai),[15][16] including Nanjing University, which has a long history and is among the world's top 20 universities ranked by Nature Index.[17] The ratio of college students to the total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing has the sixth-largest scientific research output of any city in the world.[18] As of 2023, it has been ranked as the world's second most prolific scientific research center in earth & environmental sciences and the world's third most prolific scientific research center in chemistry, according to the Nature Index.[19][20][21]
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite various wars and disasters.[22][23][24][25] Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317 to 589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421);[26] and the Republic of China under the nationalist Kuomintang (1927–37, 1946–49) before its flight to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-Shek during the Chinese Civil War.[27] The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered many notable devastating atrocities in both conflicts, most notably the Nanjing Massacre of 1937.[28]
Nanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Jiangsu Art Museum.
民國十六年, 國民政府宣言定為首都, 今以臺北市為我國中央政府所在地.
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