National Observatory of Athens

National Observatory of Athens

Εθνικό Αστεροσκοπείο Αθηνών (in Greek)

Logo of the National Observatory of Athens
Motto	Servare Intaminatum
Established	1842 (1842)
Research type	Basic, Applied
Field of research	Astronomy Physics
Director	Manolis Plionis
Location	Athens, Greece 37°58′24.2″N 23°43′5.6″E / 37.973389°N 23.718222°E / 37.973389; 23.718222
Website	http://www.noa.gr
Observatory National Observatory of Athens The National Observatory sits atop Nymphs' Hill in Thissio, Athens Alternative names Athens Observatory Organization Public institution Observatory code 066 Location Thissio, Athens, Greece Coordinates 37°58′24.2″N 23°43′5.6″E / 37.973389°N 23.718222°E / 37.973389; 23.718222 Established 1842 Website http://www.noa.gr Location of National Observatory of Athens   Related media on Commons [edit on Wikidata]

The National Observatory of Athens (NOA; Greek: Εθνικό Αστεροσκοπείο Αθηνών) is a research institute in Athens, Greece. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest research foundation in Greece. The Observatory was the first scientific research institute built after Greece became independent in 1829, and one of the oldest research institutes in Southern Europe. It was built around the same period as the United States Naval Observatory.^[1][2]

The world-renowned Greek-Austrian astronomer Georgios Konstantinos Vouris lobbied to create the National Observatory of Athens in the newly founded state. He persuaded wealthy Greek-Austrian banker Georgios Sinas to pay for the new massive observatory. The Austrian-born Greek King found out the news and awarded Georgios Sinas's son the Order of the Redeemer. The King also selected the architects for the building under Georgios Konstantinos Vouris's supervision, which were Eduard Schaubert and Theophil Hansen.^[3][4][5]

The Athens observatory since its inception aided astronomers to conduct research in the field starting from Georgios Konstantinos Vouris's catalog for the complete determination of 1000 stars observed from Greece relative to the position of the Athens observatory. The second director Ioannis Papadakis used the facility to observe the Moons of Jupiter and Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt German-born Greek astronomer conducted countless observations and created a Moon map of the lunar surface from the Athens observatory.^[6]

After Schmidt, Demetrios Kokkidis briefly directed the observatory and expanded the existing weather stations adding new ones in Corfu, Zakynthos, and Larissa.^[7] By the early 1900s, Astronomer Demetrios Eginitis observed the rare phenomenon known as Halley's Comet from the Athens observatory and wrote about it in his article entitled Sur la Comète de Halley.^[8] By the middle of the 20th century Stavros Plakidis continued the legacy of Greek astronomy at the observatory writing countless research papers and continuing his lifelong research on variable stars.^[9]

Eginitis and Plakidis allowed a young twenty-two-year-old astronomer named Jean Focas to assist them at the observatory. The young astronomer had no education in the field. After many years at the Athens observatory, later in life, he acquired a Ph.D. in the field of astronomy in Paris, and the Focas crater on the Moon and the Focas crater on Mars are named after him for his extraordinary contribution to the field.^[10]

Currently, the National Observatory of Athens operates in four distinct locations:

• The National Observatory of Athens main branch, located in Thiseio.
• The Penteli Astronomical Station, located in Penteli.
• The Kryoneri Astronomical Station, located on Mount Kyllini.
• The Chelmos Observatory, located on Mount Chelmos.