Native Esperanto speakers

Native Esperanto speakers (Esperanto: denaskuloj or denaskaj esperantistoj) are people who have acquired Esperanto as one of their native languages. As of 1996, there were 350 or so attested cases of families with native Esperanto speakers.^[1]^[2] Estimates from associations indicate that there were around 1,000 Esperanto-speaking families, involving perhaps 2,000 children in 2004.^[3] In the majority of such families, the parents had the same native language, though in many the parents had different native languages, and only Esperanto in common.^[2]^[4]

^ Corsetti, Renato (1996). A mother tongue spoken mainly by fathers. Language Problems and Language Planning 20: 3, 263-73
^ ^a ^b Benjamin Bergen (2001), "Nativization processes in L1 Esperanto", Journal of Child Language 28:575–595 doi:10.1017/S0305000901004779
^ Cite error: The named reference Corsetti was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jouko Lindstedt (January 2006). "Native Esperanto as a Test Case for Natural Language" (PDF). University of Helsinki – Department of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[1] Corsetti, Renato (1996). A mother tongue spoken mainly by fathers. Language Problems and Language Planning 20: 3, 263-73

[Bergen-2] Benjamin Bergen (2001), "Nativization processes in L1 Esperanto", Journal of Child Language 28:575–595 doi:10.1017/S0305000901004779

[Corsetti-3] Cite error: The named reference Corsetti was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[lindstedt-4] Jouko Lindstedt (January 2006). "Native Esperanto as a Test Case for Natural Language" (PDF). University of Helsinki – Department of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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