Negativicutes

Negativicutes
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Negativicutes; Marchandin et al. 2010
Orders and families
	Selenomonadales Selenomonadaceae; Sporomusaceae; ; Acidaminococcales Acidaminococcaceae; ; Veillonellales Veillonellaceae; ;
Synonyms
	"Selenomonadia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016; "Selenobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1992 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2006;

The Negativicutes are a class of bacteria in the phylum Bacillota, whose members have a peculiar cell wall with a lipopolysaccharide outer membrane which stains gram-negative, unlike most other members of the Bacillota.^[1] Although several neighbouring Clostridia species (firmicute bacteria) also stain gram-negative, the proteins responsible for the unusual diderm structure of the Negativicutes may have actually been laterally acquired from Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Additional research is required to confirm the origin of the diderm cell envelope in the Negativicutes.

Most members of this class are obligate anaerobes, and occur in habitats such as rivers, lakes, and the intestines of vertebrates. They range from spherical forms, such as Megasphaera and Veillonella, to curved rods, as typified by the selenomonads. Selenomonas has a characteristic crescent shape, with flagella inserted on the concave side, while Sporomusa is similar, but nonmotile. Their names refer to this distinctive morphology: selene means moon, and musa means banana.^[5]

^ ^a ^b Sutcliffe IC (2010). "A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture". Trends Microbiol. 18 (10): 464–470. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005. PMID 20637628.
^ Gupta RS (2011). "Origin of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria: antibiotic selection pressure rather than endosymbiosis likely led to the evolution of bacterial cells with two membranes". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100 (2): 171–182. doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8. PMC 3133647. PMID 21717204.
^ Campbell C, Sutcliffe IC, Gupta RS (2014). "Comparative proteome analysis of Acidaminococcus intestini supports a relationship between outer membrane biogenesis in Negativicutes and Proteobacteria" (PDF). Arch Microbiol. 196 (4): 307–310. doi:10.1007/s00203-014-0964-4. PMID 24535491. S2CID 253722630.
^ Tocheva EI, Matson EG, Morris DM, Moussavi F, Leadbetter JR, Jensen GJ (2011). "Peptidoglycan remodeling and conversion of an inner membrane into an outer membrane during sporulation". Cell. 146 (5): 799–812. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.029. PMC 3176627. PMID 21884938.
^ Marchandin, H.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Roger, F.; Gay, B.; Carlier, J. -P.; Jumas-Bilak, E. (2009). "Negativicoccus succinicivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples, emended description of the family Veillonellaceae and description of Negativicutes classis nov., Selenomonadales ord. nov. and Acidaminococcaceae fam. nov. in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (6): 1271–1279. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.013102-0. PMID 19667386.

[pmid20637628-1] Sutcliffe IC (2010). "A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture". Trends Microbiol. 18 (10): 464–470. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005. PMID 20637628.

[pmid21717204-2] Gupta RS (2011). "Origin of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria: antibiotic selection pressure rather than endosymbiosis likely led to the evolution of bacterial cells with two membranes". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100 (2): 171–182. doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8. PMC 3133647. PMID 21717204.

[pmid24535491-3] Campbell C, Sutcliffe IC, Gupta RS (2014). "Comparative proteome analysis of Acidaminococcus intestini supports a relationship between outer membrane biogenesis in Negativicutes and Proteobacteria" (PDF). Arch Microbiol. 196 (4): 307–310. doi:10.1007/s00203-014-0964-4. PMID 24535491. S2CID 253722630.

[pmid21884938-4] Tocheva EI, Matson EG, Morris DM, Moussavi F, Leadbetter JR, Jensen GJ (2011). "Peptidoglycan remodeling and conversion of an inner membrane into an outer membrane during sporulation". Cell. 146 (5): 799–812. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.029. PMC 3176627. PMID 21884938.

[ijsem10-5] Marchandin, H.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Roger, F.; Gay, B.; Carlier, J. -P.; Jumas-Bilak, E. (2009). "Negativicoccus succinicivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples, emended description of the family Veillonellaceae and description of Negativicutes classis nov., Selenomonadales ord. nov. and Acidaminococcaceae fam. nov. in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (6): 1271–1279. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.013102-0. PMID 19667386.

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