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New Zealand First

New Zealand First
Aotearoa Tuatahi
AbbreviationNZ First
LeaderWinston Peters
PresidentJulian Paul[1]
SecretaryHolly Howard[2]
Deputy LeaderShane Jones
Founded18 July 1993 (18 July 1993)
Split fromNational Party
Colours  Black
MPs in the
House of Representatives
8 / 123
Website
nzfirst.nz

New Zealand First, commonly abbreviated to NZ First[3] or NZF, is a political party in New Zealand, led by and identified with veteran politician Winston Peters, who has served three times as deputy prime minister. The party has formed coalition governments with both major political parties in New Zealand: with the New Zealand National Party from 1996 to 1998 and 2023 to present, and with the New Zealand Labour Party from 2005 to 2008 and 2017 to 2020. New Zealand First currently serves in a coalition government with both National and ACT as part of the Sixth National government, having won 6.08% of the total party vote in the 2023 New Zealand general election.

New Zealand First takes a broadly centrist and interventionist position on economic issues and a socially conservative position on moral issues.[4] The party distinguishes itself from the mainstream political establishment through its use of populist rhetoric, and supports binding referendums for major social and political change. The party is also anti-immigration[5][6] and anti-globalisation,[7] while also supportive of protectionism[8][9] and pensioners' interests.[10] The party's support base is mostly composed of middle-aged to elderly, rural and Māori voters.[4][11] New Zealand First presents a challenge for ideological categorisation, with political commentators often simply characterising the party as nationalist[12][13] and populist,[14][15][16] while some analyses have described it variously as centrist,[17][18][19] conservative,[10] socially conservative,[20] centre-right,[21][22] right-wing,[23][24][25][26][27] and right-wing populist.[28][29][30]

New Zealand First was formed shortly before the 1993 New Zealand general election, following the resignation of Winston Peters as the National Party MP for Tauranga after criticising the party's neoliberal economic policies.[31] The party gained support from National Party and Labour voters alike disenchanted with the support of both parties for extensive deregulation. New Zealand First entered the New Zealand House of Representatives shortly after its formation. The party had 17 members of parliament (MPs) at its peak, following the 1996 New Zealand general election, the first to use mixed-member proportional representation. That election the party swept the Māori seats, leading to the "Tight Five" of New Zealand First MPs from those electorates. The party had gained considerable support among socially conservative Māori voters,[32][33] an association still visible today.[34][35] By the end of their first term, however, the New Zealand First caucus had fallen to 9 MPs due to internal conflict over the coalition government with the National Party.

After forming a coalition government with Labour in 2005, left parliament following the 2008 New Zealand general election in which it failed to gain enough party votes to retain seats. However, in the 2011 New Zealand general election, New Zealand First gained 6.59% of the total party vote, entitling it to eight MPs. The party increased its number of MPs to eleven at the 2014 New Zealand general election. During the 2017 election, the party's number of MPs dropped to nine members.[36] In the weeks following the 2017 election, New Zealand First formed a coalition government with the Labour Party.[37] In the 2020 election New Zealand First's share of the party vote fell to 2.6%, with all incumbent MPs, including Peters, losing their seats in Parliament.[38] The party returned to parliament in 2023.[39]

  1. ^ Cheng, Derek (20 June 2021). "Winston Peters announces New Zealand First will be back in 2023". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  2. ^ Wade, Amelia (20 December 2020). "NZ First president and secretary resign while party reviews election campaign". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  3. ^ "New Zealand First Party". New Zealand Parliament Pāremata Aotearoa. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  4. ^ a b David Hall (2021). "Rhetoric and reality in New Zeland's climate leadership". In Rüdiger K.W. Wurzel; Mikael Skou Andersen; Paul Tobin (eds.). Climate Governance across the Globe: Pioneers, Leaders and Followers. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-000-320381. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  5. ^ Tony Ballantyne (2012). Webs of Empire: Locating New Zealand's Colonial Past. UBC Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7748-2771-3.
  6. ^ Stephen White; Antoine Bilodeau (2014). "Canadian Immigrant Electoral Support in Comparative Perspective". In Martin Papillon; Luc Turgeon; Jennifer Wallner; Stephen White (eds.). Comparing Canada: Methods and Perspectives on Canadian Politics. UBC Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-7748-2786-7.
  7. ^ Benjamin Moffitt (2017). "Populism in Australia and New Zealand". In Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser; Paul A. Taggart; Paulina Ochoa Espej; Pierre Ostiguy (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Populism. Oxford University Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-198-803560. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  8. ^ Bavas, Josh (24 September 2017). "New Zealand election: Winston Peters 'kingmaker' in hung parliament as nation awaits result". ABC News. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  9. ^ Goldblatt, David (2005). Governance in the Asia-Pacific. Routledge. p. 121.
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference DeRouenBellamy2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Richard Mulgan, ed. (2013). Politics in New Zealand: Third Edition. Auckland University Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-869-406776. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Webb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Krook2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Boston was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference BaleBlomgren was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Betz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mazzoleni was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference fiscially_centrist was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Toop was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference McLeay2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference Salmond2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bittner2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference Betz2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference Macaulay2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brenton2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ Cooke, Henry (26 September 2023). "How a politician most people won't vote for could shape the New Zealand government". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  32. ^ Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay, Nigel S. Roberts, The 1996 General Election in New Zealand: Proportional Representation and Political Change, The Australian Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (Autumn, 1997), pp.9–14
  33. ^ Witton, Bridie (11 November 2023). "What's changed? From Winston's somewhat woke-looking 1996 coalition agreement to today". Stuff. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  34. ^ Donovan, Todd (2020). "Misclassifying Parties as Radical Right / Right Wing Populist: A Comparative Analysis of New Zealand First". Political Science. 72 (1): 58–76. doi:10.1080/00323187.2020.1855992.
  35. ^ Gifford, Adam (26 November 2023). "Māori conservatism factor on new Cabinet". Waatea News: Māori Radio Station. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  36. ^ "2017 General Election – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  37. ^ "Coalition agreement NZ First and Labour". New Zealand Labour Party. Scoop. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  38. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2020 election results was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  39. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2023 official results was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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