Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941

Ninth Fort massacres, November 1941
Ninth Fort massacres, November 1941
Location	Ninth Fort, Kaunas, Generalbezirk Litauen
Date	25 & 29 November 1941
Incident type	Mass shootings, deportation without due process
Perpetrators	Karl Jäger and others
Organizations	Einsatzgruppen and others
Victims	4,934 German and Austrian Jewish men, women, and children.
Survivors	0 known
Documentation	Jäger Report
Memorials	In museum on site
Notes	First systematic massacres of German Jews during the Holocaust.

The Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941 were two separate mass shootings of 4,934 German Jews in the Ninth Fort near Kaunas, Lithuania. These were the first systematic mass killings of German Jews during the Holocaust.^[1]^[2] The question of where these killings fit into the development of the Final Solution is a matter of dispute among historians.

^ Browning, Origins of the Final Solution, pp. 395–397
^ Friedlander, Henry (1995). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia To The Final Solution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 289.

[Browning_395-1] Browning, Origins of the Final Solution, pp. 395–397

[Friedlander-2] Friedlander, Henry (1995). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia To The Final Solution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 289.

[1]

[2]

Ninth Fort massacres, November 1941
Location	Ninth Fort, Kaunas, Generalbezirk Litauen
Date	25 & 29 November 1941
Incident type	Mass shootings, deportation without due process
Perpetrators	Karl Jäger and others
Organizations	Einsatzgruppen and others
Victims	4,934 German and Austrian Jewish men, women, and children.
Survivors	0 known
Documentation	Jäger Report
Memorials	In museum on site
Notes	First systematic massacres of German Jews during the Holocaust.