Nitrosomonas

This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Nitrosomonas
N. eutropha
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Betaproteobacteria
Order:	Spirillales
Family:	Nitrosomonadaceae
Genus:	Nitrosomonas Winogradsky, 1892[1]
Type species
Nitrosomonas europaea
Species[7]
"Nitrosomonas aestuarii" Koops et al. 1991[2] "Nitrosomonas communis" Koops et al. 1991 "Nitrosomonas cryotolerans" Jones et al. 1988[3] Nitrosomonas europaea Winogradsky 1892 "Nitrosomonas eutropha" Koops et al. 1991 "Nitrosomonas halophila" Koops et al. 1991 "Nitrosomonas javanensis" Winogradsky 1892 "Nitrosomonas marina" Koops et al. 1991 "Nitrosomonas mobilis" Garrity et al. 2003[4] "Nitrosomonas nitrosa" Koops et al. 1991 "Nitrosomonas oligotropha" Koops et al. 1991 Nitrosomonas stercoris Nakagawa and Takahashi 2017[5] Nitrosomonas supralitoralis Urakawa et al. 2023[6] "Nitrosomonas ureae" Koops et al. 1991

Nitrosomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the Betaproteobacteria. It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria^[8] and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph,^[9] uses ammonia (${\displaystyle {\ce {NH3}}}$) as an energy source and carbon dioxide (${\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}$) as a carbon source in presence of oxygen. Nitrosomonas are important in the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle,^[10] since they increase the bioavailability of nitrogen to plants and in the denitrification, which is important for the release of nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas.^[11] This microbe is photophobic, and usually generate a biofilm matrix, or form clumps with other microbes, to avoid light.^[12] Nitrosomonas can be divided into six lineages: the first one includes the species Nitrosomonas europea, Nitrosomonas eutropha, Nitrosomonas halophila, and Nitrosomonas mobilis. The second lineage presents the species Nitrosomonas communis, N. sp. I and N. sp. II, meanwhile the third lineage includes only Nitrosomonas nitrosa. The fourth lineage includes the species Nitrosomonas ureae and Nitrosomonas oligotropha and the fifth and sixth lineages include the species Nitrosomonas marina, N. sp. III, Nitrosomonas estuarii and Nitrosomonas cryotolerans.^[13]