Northern Seven Years' War

Northern Seven Years' War
	Part of Northern Wars, Dano-Swedish war, and Livonian War
	; Frederick II of Denmark attacking Älvsborg Castle, 1563.
Date	13 August 1563 – 13 December 1570 (7 years and 4 months)
Location	Scandinavia (Skåne, Halland, Blekinge, Norway, Götaland) and the Baltic Sea
Result	See Peace negotiations and consequences; Full results Treaty of Stettin (1570) Swedish victory against Poland–Lithuania.; Dano-Norwegian victory against Sweden; Denmark becomes the supreme and dominant power in Northern Europe; Sweden was forced to pay 150,000 riksdaler; Sweden was also forced to pay 75,000 daler to Lübeck.; ;
Territorial; changes	Status quo ante bellum in Scandinavia The Dano-Norwegian king, Frederick II of Denmark, renounced all claims upon Sweden.; The Swedish king, John III of Sweden, renounced all pretensions to Norwegian provinces and Gotland. Sweden acknowledged for the first time Skåne, Blekinge and Halland as Danish provinces.; Sweden turned over her possessions in Livonia for a payment by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II.;
Belligerents
Denmark–Norway; Free City of Lübeck; Poland–Lithuania	Sweden
Commanders and leaders
Frederick II; Daniel Rantzau †; Herluf Trolle †; Otte Rud †; Franz Brockenhuus † ; Peder Huitfeldt ; Jacob Brockenhuus ; Peder Skram ; Kristoffer Throndsen ; Hans Lauritsen; Bartholomeus Tinnappel ; Friedrich Knebel; Sigismund Augustus	Eric XIV; John III; Jakob Bagge; Klas Horn; Charles de Mornay ; Claude Collart ; Bo Birgersson Grip † ; Jakob Hästesko

The Northern Seven Years' War (also known as the Nordic Seven Years' War, the First Northern War, the Seven Years' War of the North or the Seven Years War in Scandinavia) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck, and Poland–Lithuania between 1563 and 1570. The war was motivated by the dissatisfaction of King Frederick II of Denmark with the dissolution of the Kalmar Union, and the will of King Eric XIV of Sweden to break Denmark's dominating position. The fighting continued until both armies had been exhausted, and many men died. The resulting Treaty of Stettin was a stalemate, with neither party gaining any new territory.

^ Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001). A Concise History of Poland (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 9780521559171.
^ Sundberg, Ulf (2002). Svenska krig 1521-1814 (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 65. ISBN 9789189080140.
^ Lockhart, Paul Douglas (23 August 2007). Denmark, 1513-1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-153382-2.
^ R. Nisbet Bain, Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900, 2006 [1905], p. 83, ISBN 0-543-93900-6, ISBN 978-0-543-93900-5
^ Eriksson, Bo (2007). Lützen 1632 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts Pocket. p. 50. ISBN 978-91-7263-790-0.
^ Nisbet Bain, Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900, 2006 [1905], p. 83, ISBN 0-543-93900-6, ISBN 978-0-543-93900-5
^ Nordstrom, Byron J. (2000). Scandinavia Since 1500, p. 36, ISBN 0-8166-2098-9, ISBN 978-0-8166-2098-2

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[Lukowski-1] Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001). A Concise History of Poland (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 9780521559171.

[3] Sundberg, Ulf (2002). Svenska krig 1521-1814 (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 65. ISBN 9789189080140.

[5] Lockhart, Paul Douglas (23 August 2007). Denmark, 1513-1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-153382-2.

[7] R. Nisbet Bain, Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900, 2006 [1905], p. 83, ISBN 0-543-93900-6, ISBN 978-0-543-93900-5

[8] Eriksson, Bo (2007). Lützen 1632 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts Pocket. p. 50. ISBN 978-91-7263-790-0.

[9] Nisbet Bain, Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900, 2006 [1905], p. 83, ISBN 0-543-93900-6, ISBN 978-0-543-93900-5

[10] Nordstrom, Byron J. (2000). Scandinavia Since 1500, p. 36, ISBN 0-8166-2098-9, ISBN 978-0-8166-2098-2

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