Nose

Nose
Nose
	Nose of a dog
Details
Identifiers
Latin	nasus
MeSH	D009666
TA98	A06.1.01.001; A01.1.00.009
TA2	117
	Anatomical terminology

A nose is a sensory organ and respiratory structure in vertebrates. It consists of a nasal cavity inside the head, and an external nose on the face. The external nose houses the nostrils, or nares, a pair of tubes providing airflow through the nose for respiration. Where the nostrils pass through the nasal cavity they widen, are known as nasal fossae, and contain turbinates and olfactory mucosa. The nasal cavity also connects to the paranasal sinuses (dead-end air cavities for pressure buffering and humidification). From the nasal cavity, the nostrils continue into the pharynx, a switch track valve connecting the respiratory and digestive systems.

In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face and serves as an alternative respiratory passage especially during suckling for infants.^[1]^[2]^[3] The protruding nose that is completely separate from the mouth part is a characteristic found only in therian mammals. It has been theorized that this unique mammalian nose evolved from the anterior part of the upper jaw of the reptilian-like ancestors (synapsids).^[4]^[5]

^ "7.2 the Skull". Anatomy and Physiology - The Skull. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.
^ "22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System". Anatomy and Physiology - Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.
^ Bahr, Diane (2010-05-15). Nobody Ever Told Me (Or My Mother) That!. Sensory World. p. 10. ISBN 9781935567202.
^ Higashiyama, Hiroki; Koyabu, Daisuke; Hirasawa, Tatsuya; Werneburg, Ingmar; Kuratani, Shigeru; Kurihara, Hiroki (November 2, 2021). "Mammalian face as an evolutionary novelty". PNAS. 118 (44): e2111876118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11811876H. doi:10.1073/pnas.2111876118. PMC 8673075. PMID 34716275. S2CID 240228857.
^ "Mammals' noses come from reptiles' jaws: Evolutionary development of facial bones". Phys.org. November 1, 2021.

[1] "7.2 the Skull". Anatomy and Physiology - The Skull. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.

[2] "22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System". Anatomy and Physiology - Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.

[3] Bahr, Diane (2010-05-15). Nobody Ever Told Me (Or My Mother) That!. Sensory World. p. 10. ISBN 9781935567202.

[4] Higashiyama, Hiroki; Koyabu, Daisuke; Hirasawa, Tatsuya; Werneburg, Ingmar; Kuratani, Shigeru; Kurihara, Hiroki (November 2, 2021). "Mammalian face as an evolutionary novelty". PNAS. 118 (44): e2111876118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11811876H. doi:10.1073/pnas.2111876118. PMC 8673075. PMID 34716275. S2CID 240228857.

[5] "Mammals' noses come from reptiles' jaws: Evolutionary development of facial bones". Phys.org. November 1, 2021.

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