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Novocherkassk massacre

Novocherkassk massacre
Новочеркасский расстрел
Date2 June 1962
Location
Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union

47°24′35″N 40°06′05″E / 47.4096°N 40.1013°E / 47.4096; 40.1013
Caused byEconomic conditions, including food price increases and wage cuts
Resulted inProtests suppressed
  • Dozens killed and wounded
  • 107 imprisoned and 7 executed[1]
  • Official cover-up initiated
Parties
Striking workers and protesters
Lead figures

Spontaneous leadership

Number
~5,000–12,000 demonstrators[2]
Casualties and losses
  • 24 killed[6]
  • 69 severely wounded[6]
  • Many minorly injured[7]
86 soldiers injured (mostly minor, 9 hospitalized)[8]

The Novocherkassk massacre (Russian: Новочеркасский расстрел, romanized: Novocherkasskiy rasstrel) took place on 2 June 1962 in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. Soviet Army soldiers and MVD Internal Troops fired on unarmed demonstrators protesting against rising food prices and cuts to their wages.[9] The massacre followed a strike that began the previous day at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Works (NEVZ) after the government announced nationwide price increases for meat and butter, which coincided with the factory management raising work quotas, effectively lowering pay.[10]

The strike spread rapidly after initial attempts by authorities to suppress it failed and police arrested several workers.[11] On 2 June, thousands of protesters marched from the factory district to the Communist Party headquarters (gorkom) in the city center, overwhelming military barricades.[12] After the demonstrators occupied the gorkom and demanded to speak with officials, Soviet troops opened fire on the crowd.[13] Concurrent clashes at the police station resulted in more deaths.[14] Official records later confirmed 24 demonstrators killed and 69 severely wounded.[6]

Soviet authorities immediately began an extensive cover-up, secretly burying the victims in unmarked graves outside the city and compelling witnesses and participants to sign non-disclosure pledges.[15] Over 100 people were later convicted in show trials for "mass disorders" and "banditry", with seven sentenced to death and executed.[16] Information about the event was suppressed within the USSR until the late 1980s, during glasnost.[17] Following investigations initiated after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, most of those convicted were rehabilitated in the 1990s.[18] The massacre is remembered as a key event exposing the limitations of the Khrushchev Thaw and significantly impacted subsequent Soviet economic and internal security policies.[19]

  1. ^ Baron 2001, pp. ix, 102–103.
  2. ^ Baron 2001, p. 55.
  3. ^ a b c Baron 2001, p. 44.
  4. ^ Baron 2001, p. 106.
  5. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 44, 57.
  6. ^ a b c Baron 2001, p. 68.
  7. ^ Baron 2001, p. 67.
  8. ^ Baron 2001, p. 89.
  9. ^ Baron 2001, pp. ix–x, 51–64.
  10. ^ Baron 2001, pp. ix, 1–2, 20–21.
  11. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 25–27, 45.
  12. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 51–55.
  13. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 57–58, 62–64.
  14. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 59–60.
  15. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 82–83, 106.
  16. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 93, 102.
  17. ^ Baron 2001, p. 115.
  18. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 160, 166.
  19. ^ Baron 2001, pp. 178–179, 181.

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