The Nuragic civilization,[1][2] also known as the Nuragic culture, was a civilization or culture on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy, which lasted from the 18th century BC [3] (Middle Bronze Age), or from the 23rd century BC,[4][5] up to the Roman colonization in 238 BC.[6][7][8] Others date the culture as lasting at least until the 2nd century AD,[9] and in some areas, namely the Barbagia, to the 6th century AD,[10][11] or possibly even to the 11th century AD.[5][12]
The adjective "Nuragic" is neither an autonym nor an ethnonym. It derives from the island's most characteristic monument, the nuraghe, a tower-fortress type of construction the ancient Sardinians built in large numbers starting from about 1800 BC.[13] Today, more than 7,000 nuraghes dot the Sardinian landscape.[a]
No written records of this civilization have been discovered,[16] apart from a few possible short epigraphic documents belonging to the last stages of the Nuragic civilization.[17] The only written information there comes from classical literature of the Greeks and Romans, and may be considered more mythical than historical.[18]
^Ugas, Giovanni (2016). "Shardana e Sardegna. I popoli del mare, gli alleati del Nordafrica e la fine dei Grandi Regni". Cagliari, Edizioni Della Torre.
^Rowland, R. J. “When Did the Nuragic Period in Sardinia End.” Sardinia Antiqua. Studi in Onore Di Piero Meloni in Occasione Del Suo Settantesimo Compleanno, 1992, 165–175.
^Casula, Francesco Cèsare (2017). "Evo Antico Sardo: Dalla Sardegna Medio-Nuragica (100 a.C. c.) alla Sardegna Bizantina (900 d.C. c.)". La storia di Sardegna. Vol. I. p. 281. Da parte imperiale era dunque implicito il riconoscimento di una Sardegna barbaricina indomita se non libera e già in qualche modo statualmente conformata, dove continuava a esistere una civiltà o almeno una cultura d'origine nuragica, certo mutata ed evoluta per influenze esterne romane e vandaliche di cui nulla conosciamo tranne alcuni tardi effetti politici.
^Monoja, M.; Cossu, C.; Migaleddu, M. (2012). Parole di segni, L'alba della scrittura in Sardegna. Sardegna Archeologica, Guide e Itinerari. Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore.
^Cite error: The named reference Ug was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Perra, M. (1993). La Sardegna nelle fonti classiche. Oristano: S'Alvure editrice.
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