Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta

Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued April 27, 2022 Decided June 29, 2022
Full case name	Oklahoma v. Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta
Docket no.	21-429
Citations	597 U.S. 629 (more) 2022 WL 2334307 2022 U.S. LEXIS 3222
Argument	Oral argument
Holding
The Federal Government and the State have concurrent jurisdiction to prosecute crimes committed by non-Indians against Indians in Indian country.
Court membership
Chief Justice John Roberts Associate Justices Clarence Thomas · Stephen Breyer Samuel Alito · Sonia Sotomayor Elena Kagan · Neil Gorsuch Brett Kavanaugh · Amy Coney Barrett
Case opinions
Majority	Kavanaugh, joined by Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Barrett
Dissent	Gorsuch, joined by Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan
Laws applied
General Crimes Act

Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta, 597 U.S. 629 (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case related to McGirt v. Oklahoma, decided in 2020. In McGirt, the Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. Congress never properly disestablished the Indian reservations of the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma when granting its statehood, and thus almost half the state was still considered to be Native American land. As a result of McGirt, crimes under the Major Crimes Act by Native Americans in the reservations are treated as federal crimes rather than state crimes.

In the wake of McGirt, the Oklahoma state courts started vacating past criminal cases to turn them over to federal courts. However, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that this would include crimes where the defendant was not a Native American but still occurred against Native Americans on Native American lands. The Supreme Court agreed to hear the state's challenge to this rule, but only to investigate the issues of breadth of McGirt, refusing to review McGirt itself.

In the 5–4 ruling issued on June 29, 2022, the Court ruled that both federal and the state held joint jurisdiction to prosecute non-Native Americans for crimes on native lands.