Open-channel flow

In fluid mechanics and hydraulics, open-channel flow is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel.^[1]^[2] The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways but differ in one important respect: open-channel flow has a free surface, whereas pipe flow does not, resulting in flow dominated by gravity but not hydraulic pressure.

^ Chow, Ven Te (2008). Open-Channel Hydraulics (PDF). Caldwell, NJ: The Blackburn Press. ISBN 978-1932846188.
^ Battjes, Jurjen A.; Labeur, Robert Jan (2017). Unsteady Flow in Open Channels. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316576878.

[1] Chow, Ven Te (2008). Open-Channel Hydraulics (PDF). Caldwell, NJ: The Blackburn Press. ISBN 978-1932846188.

[2] Battjes, Jurjen A.; Labeur, Robert Jan (2017). Unsteady Flow in Open Channels. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316576878.

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