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Opisthorchis viverrini

Opisthorchis viverrini
An adult "Opisthorchis viverrini" showing (from top) oral sucker, pharynx, caecum, ventral sucker, vitellaria, uterus, ovary, Mehlis gland, testes, excretory bladder.
An adult Opisthorchis viverrini showing (from top) oral sucker, pharynx, caecum, ventral sucker, vitellaria, uterus, ovary, Mehlis gland, testes, excretory bladder.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Order: Plagiorchiida
Family: Opisthorchiidae
Genus: Opisthorchis
Species:
O. viverrini
Binomial name
Opisthorchis viverrini
(Poirier, 1886) Stiles & Hassal, 1896
Synonyms[1]

Opisthorchis viverrini, common name Southeast Asian liver fluke, is a food-borne trematode parasite from the family Opisthorchiidae that infects the bile duct. People are infected after eating raw or undercooked fish.[2] Infection with the parasite is called opisthorchiasis. O. viverrini infection also increases the risk of cholangiocarcinoma, a cancer of the bile ducts.[3]

A small, leaf-like fluke, O. viverrini completes its lifecycle in three different animals. Snails of the species Bithynia are the first intermediate hosts, fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae are the second intermediate host, and the definitive hosts are humans and other mammals such as dogs, cats, rats, and pigs. It was first discovered in the Indian fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrus) by M.J. Poirier in 1886. The first human case was discovered by Robert Thomson Leiper in 1915.

O. viverrini (together with Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis felineus) is one of the three most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae.[4] In fact O. viverrini and C. sinensis are capable of causing cancer in humans, and are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 1 biological carcinogen in 2009.[5][6][7] O. viverrini is found in Thailand, the Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia.[8] It is most widely distributed in northern Thailand, with high prevalence in humans, while central Thailand has a low rate of prevalence.[9][10]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference muller 2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Laha 2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Hughes T, O'Connor T, Techasen A, Namwat N, Loilome W, Andrews RH, Khuntikeo N, Yongvanit P, Sithithaworn P, Taylor-Robinson SD (2017). "Opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia: an unresolved problem". International Journal of General Medicine. 10: 227–237. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S133292. PMC 5557399. PMID 28848361.
  4. ^ King S, Scholz T (September 2001). "Trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae: a minireview". The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 39 (3): 209–21. doi:10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.209. PMC 2721069. PMID 11590910.
  5. ^ Kaewpitoon N, Kaewpitoon SJ, Pengsaa P, Sripa B (February 2008). "Opisthorchis viverrini: the carcinogenic human liver fluke". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (5): 666–74. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.666. PMC 2683991. PMID 18205254.
  6. ^ Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Mulvenna J, Laha T, Smout MJ, Mairiang E, Bethony JM, Loukas A (October 2012). "The tumorigenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini--multiple pathways to cancer". Trends in Parasitology. 28 (10): 395–407. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.006. PMC 3682777. PMID 22947297.
  7. ^ American Cancer Society (2013). "Known and Probable Human Carcinogens". cancer.org. American Cancer Society, Inc. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Young 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Jongsuksuntigul P, Imsomboon T (November 2003). "Opisthorchiasis control in Thailand". Acta Tropica. 88 (3): 229–32. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.01.002. PMID 14611877.
  10. ^ Rachprakhon, Phuphitchan; Purivirojkul, Watchariya (2021). "Very low prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. cercariae in Bithynia siamensis siamensis snails from the canal network system in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand". Parasite. 28: 2. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020072. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 7792506. PMID 33416490. Open access icon

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