Back Osman I Afrikaans عثمان الأول Arabic عثمان الاول ARZ Osmán I AST ГӀусман I AV Osman Qazi Azerbaijani بیرینجی عثمان AZB Ғосман I Bashkir Асман I Byelorussian Асман I BE-X-OLD

Osman I

"Osman Gazi" redirects here. For other uses, see Osman Gazi (disambiguation).

Osman I
Ghazi
An Ottoman miniature depicting Osman I, c. 1580
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Reignc. 1299 – 1323/4
SuccessorOrhan
Uch Bey of the Sultanate of Rum
Reignc. 1280 – c. 1299
PredecessorErtuğrul
BornUnknown,[1]
possibly c. 1254/5[2]
Died1323/4[3] (age 68–70)
Bursa, Ottoman Beylik
Burial
Tomb of Osman Gazi, Osmangazi, Bursa Province, Turkey
SpouseRabia Bala Hatun
Malhun Hatun
Issue
Among others		Orhan Ghazi
Alaeddin Ali Pasha
Names
عثمان بن ارطغرل
Osman bin Ertuğrul
DynastyOttoman dynasty
FatherErtuğrul
MotherUnknown[4]
ReligionSunni Islam
This article contains Ottoman Turkish text, written from right to left with some Arabic letters and additional symbols joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols.

Osman I or Osman Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان غازى, romanized: ʿOsmān Ġāzī; Turkish: I. Osman or Osman Gazi; died 1323/4)[1][3][a] was the eponymous founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as a beylik or emirate). While initially a small Turkoman[13] principality during Osman's lifetime, his beylik transformed into a vast empire in the centuries after his death.[14] It existed until 1922 shortly after the end of World War I, when the sultanate was abolished.

Owing to the scarcity of historical sources dating from his lifetime, very little factual information about Osman has survived. Not a single written source survives from Osman's reign,[15] and the Ottomans did not record the history of his life until the fifteenth century, more than a hundred years after his death.[16] Because of this, historians find it very challenging to differentiate between fact and myth in the many stories told about him.[17] One historian has even gone so far as to declare it impossible, describing the period of Osman's life as a "black hole".[18]

According to later Ottoman tradition, Osman's ancestors were descendants of the Kayı tribe of Oghuz Turks.[19] However, many scholars of the early Ottomans regard it as a later fabrication meant to reinforce dynastic legitimacy.[19]

The Ottoman principality was one of many Anatolian beyliks that emerged in the second half of the thirteenth century. Situated in the region of Bithynia in the north of Asia Minor, Osman's principality found itself particularly well placed to launch attacks on the vulnerable Byzantine Empire, which his descendants would eventually go on to conquer.

  1. ^ a b Kermeli, Eugenia (2009). "Osman I". In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. p. 444. Reliable information regarding Osman is scarce. His birth date is unknown and his symbolic significance as the father of the dynasty has encouraged the development of mythic tales regarding the ruler's life and origins; however, historians agree that before 1300, Osman was simply one among a number of Turkoman tribal leaders operating in the Sakarya region.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference kemalpasazade was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. 16. By the time of Osman's death (1323 or 1324)...
  4. ^ Lowry, Heath W. (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. Albany: SUNY Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6.
  5. ^ The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke. 1550. In the beginning of this yere Sulton Solyman Pac called yͤ great Turke which was but the. viii. of the ligne of Ottoman, the firſt that toke vpō hym to be a great capitain or ruler […]
  6. ^ A Famous Cronicle of Oure Time, Called Sleidanes Commentaries. 1560. Ottoman the firſte Emperour of this Turkiſhe nation, […]
  7. ^ Bacon, Francis (1625). The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral. p. 313–314. In the Firſt Place are Conditores Imperiorum; Founders of States, and Common-Wealths: Such as were Romulus, Cyrus, Cæſar, Ottoman, Iſmael.
  8. ^ Cressener, Drue (1689). The Judgments of God Upon the Roman-Catholick Church. p. 128. It is unqueſtionable, that about the year 1300 upon Aladin's Death, Ottoman was an abſolute Soveraign […]
  9. ^ Martin, Benj. (1737). Bibliotheca Technologica: or, a Philological Library of Literary Arts and Sciences. p. 396. OTTOMAN the Son of Ethrogul the Son of Solyman (who was drove out of Perſia by the Tartars) was about A.D. 1290 ſaluted with the Title of Governor of the Oguzian Turks in Aſia […]
  10. ^ A General History of the Several Nations of the World. 1751. p. 123. Ottoman, notwithſtanding this Succeſs, thought fit to agree to a Truce with the Chriſtians […]
  11. ^ The Principal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoueries. 1599. p. 490. […] Ortogules, ſonne to Oguzalpes, and father to Otoman the firſt of name of the Turkiſh nation […]
  12. ^ The Great Historical, Geographical, Genealogical and Poetical Dictionary. 1701. p. 178. OTHOMAN, or OSMAN, the firſt King of the Turks […]
  13. ^ "Osman I". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2023. Osman I, also called Osman Gazi, (born c. 1258 – died 1324 or 1326), ruler of a Turkmen principality in northwestern Anatolia who is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Turkish state.
  14. ^ The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1999, Donald Quataert, p. 4, 2005 [ISBN missing]
  15. ^ Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. xii. There is still not one authentic written document known from the time of ʿOsmān, and there are not many from the fourteenth century altogether.
  16. ^ Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. 93.
  17. ^ Finkel, Caroline (2005). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923. Basic Books. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7. Modern historians attempt to sift historical fact from the myths contained in the later stories in which the Ottoman chroniclers accounted for the origins of the dynasty[.]
  18. ^ Imber, Colin (1991). Zachariadou, Elizabeth (ed.). The Ottoman Emirate (1300–1389). Rethymnon: Crete University Press. p. 75. Almost all the traditional tales about Osman Gazi are fictitious. The best thing a modern historian can do is to admit frankly that the earliest history of the Ottomans is a black hole. Any attempt to fill this hole will result simply in more fables.
  19. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference kayi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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