Pacification of Algeria

Pacification of Algeria
Pacification of Algeria
Part of the French conquest of Algeria
	Chronological map of the French conquest
Location	French Algeria
Date	1830–1875
Target	Muslim Algerians
Attack type	Genocide, ethnic cleansing, forced displacement, chemical warfare, scorched earth
Deaths	500,000–1,000,000
Perpetrator	French colonial empire
Motive	French nationalism, imperialism, settler colonialism, Islamophobia, anti-Arab racism, Kabyle myth

The pacification of Algeria, also known as the Algerian genocide,^[3]^[4] refers to violent military operations between 1830 and 1875 during the French conquest of Algeria, that often involved ethnic cleansing, massacres and forced displacement, aimed at repressing various tribal rebellions by the native Algerian population. Out of an estimated population of 3 million, between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians were killed.^[2]^[1]^[5] During this period, France formally annexed Algeria in 1834, and approximately 1 million European settlers moved to the Algerian colony.^[6] Various governments and scholars consider France's actions in Algeria as constituting a genocide.^[2]^[1]

^ ^a ^b ^c Schaller, Dominik J. (2010). "Genocide and Mass Violence in the 'Heart of Darkness': Africa in the Colonial Period". In Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-19-923211-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press. pp. 364–374. ISBN 978-0300100983.
^ Gallois, William (2013), Gallois, William (ed.), "An Algerian Genocide?", A History of Violence in the Early Algerian Colony, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 145–171, doi:10.1057/9781137313706_7, ISBN 978-1-137-31370-6, retrieved 2024-09-17
^ Gallois, William (20 February 2013). "Genocide in nineteenth-century Algeria". Journal of Genocide Research. 15 (1): 69–88. doi:10.1080/14623528.2012.759395. ISSN 1462-3528.
^ Jalata, Asafa (2016). Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-137-55234-1.
^ "Opinion | France must reckon with its dark history in Algeria. It's not too late". Washington Post. 2020-01-29. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-09-17.

[Schaller-1] Schaller, Dominik J. (2010). "Genocide and Mass Violence in the 'Heart of Darkness': Africa in the Colonial Period". In Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-19-923211-6.

[:0-2] Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press. pp. 364–374. ISBN 978-0300100983.

[3] Gallois, William (2013), Gallois, William (ed.), "An Algerian Genocide?", A History of Violence in the Early Algerian Colony, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 145–171, doi:10.1057/9781137313706_7, ISBN 978-1-137-31370-6, retrieved 2024-09-17

[4] Gallois, William (20 February 2013). "Genocide in nineteenth-century Algeria". Journal of Genocide Research. 15 (1): 69–88. doi:10.1080/14623528.2012.759395. ISSN 1462-3528.

[Jalata-5] Jalata, Asafa (2016). Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-137-55234-1.

[6] "Opinion | France must reckon with its dark history in Algeria. It's not too late". Washington Post. 2020-01-29. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-09-17.

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