Panachage

Part of the Politics and Economics series
Electoral systems
Comparison of electoral systems Social choice theory Mechanism design List (By country)
Single-winner methods Single vote-plurality methods First preference plurality (FPP) Two-round (US: Jungle primary) Related: Partisan primary Ranked-choice runoff (RCV) (UK: Alternative vote) Condorcet methods Condorcet-IRV Round-robin voting Schulze Ranked pairs Maximal lottery Positional voting Plurality (el. IRV) Borda count (el. Baldwin) Antiplurality (el. Coombs) Cardinal voting Score voting Approval voting Majority judgment STAR voting Quadratic voting
Proportional representation Party-list Nonpartisan proportional representation List type Closed list Open list Panachage Localized list Apportionment Highest averages Largest remainders National remnant Biproportional Quota-remainder methods Hare STV Schulze STV CPO-STV Quota Borda Cumulative Approval-based committees Thiele's method Phragmen's method Expanding approvals rule Method of equal shares Fractional social choice Direct representation Interactive representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery
Mixed systems By results of combination Mixed-member majoritarian Mixed-member proportional By mechanism of combination Non-compensatory Parallel voting (superposition) Coexistence Conditional Majority bonus (fusion) Compensatory Seat linkage system (AMS, MMP, AV+) Vote linkage system (scorporo, MBTV) Dual-member proportional Rural–urban proportional Majority jackpot Supermixed systems By ballot type Single vote Two vote Mixed ballot
Paradoxes and pathologies Spoilers and Spoiler effect Cloning paradox Condorcet winner criterion Center squeeze Pathological behavior Perverse response Frustrated majority paradox Best-is-worst paradox No-show paradox Multiple districts paradox Strategic voting Lesser evil voting Exaggeration Truncation Turkey-raising Paradoxes of majority rule Dominance paradox Tyranny of the majority Discursive dilemma Conflicting majorities paradox
Social and collective choice Impossibility theorems Arrow's theorem Majority impossibility Moulin's impossibility theorem McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem Gibbard's theorem Positive results Median voter theorem Condorcet's jury theorem May's theorem Condorcet dominance theorems Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
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Panachage (English: /ˌpænəˈʃɑːʒ/, from French meaning "blend, mixture")^[1] is a mixed single vote variant of list proportional representation. In panachage, voters support individual candidates (rather than parties). Voters have multiple votes, which they can split between individual candidates in different party lists. Seats are allocated to each party based on the number of votes for all of its candidates. Seats allocated to a party go to that party's most-popular candidates (assuming a fully open list).^[2]

The system is used in legislative elections for Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Switzerland; in national elections in Ecuador, El Salvador, and Honduras; and in local elections in a majority of German states, in Czechia, and in French communes with under 1,000 inhabitants.^{[citation needed]}