Panarthropoda

Panarthropoda; Temporal range: Molecular clock and ichnofossils indicate a possible Ediacaran origin
	Panarthropods include onychophorans such as Peripatopsis and arthropods such as polydesmid millipedes
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Clade:	ParaHoxozoa
Clade:	Bilateria
Clade:	Nephrozoa
(unranked):	Protostomia
Superphylum:	Ecdysozoa
(unranked):	Panarthropoda; Nielsen, 1995
Phyla
	†"Lobopodia" (paraphyletic); Onychophora; Tardigrada; Arthropoda;

Panarthropoda is a proposed animal clade containing the extant phyla Arthropoda, Tardigrada (water bears) and Onychophora (velvet worms).^[3] Panarthropods also include extinct marine legged worms known as lobopodians ("Lobopodia"), a paraphyletic group where the last common ancestor and basal members (stem-group) of each extant panarthropod phylum are thought to have risen.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] However the term "Lobopodia" is sometimes expanded to include tardigrades and onychophorans as well.^[5]

Common characteristics of the Panarthropoda include a segmented body, paired ladder-like ventral nervous system, and the presence of paired appendages correlated with body segments.^[10]^[5]^[6]^[8]

^ Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide. "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan Evolution" Current Biology, Volume 23, Issue 5 (31 January, 2013) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.026
^ Chen, Zhe; Chen, Xiang; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (6 June 2018). "Late Ediacaran trackways produced by bilaterian animals with paired appendages". Science Advances. 4 (6). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao6691. hdl:10919/84444.
^ Cite error: The named reference Telford2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference OrtegaHernandez2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Janssen, Ralf; Budd, Graham E. (2017-05-01). "Origin and evolution of the panarthropod head – A palaeobiological and developmental perspective". Arthropod Structure & Development. Evolution of Segmentation. 46 (3): 354–379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27989966.
^ Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-06-17). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592–R602. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983. S2CID 189926344.
^ ^a ^b Chipman, Ariel D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-10-09). "Developing an integrated understanding of the evolution of arthropod segmentation using fossils and evo-devo". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191881. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1881. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6790758. PMID 31575373.
^ Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). "Arthropod origins: Integrating paleontological and molecular evidence". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X. S2CID 225478171.
^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide. "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan Evolution" Current Biology, Volume 23, Issue 5 (31 January, 2013) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.026

[2] Chen, Zhe; Chen, Xiang; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (6 June 2018). "Late Ediacaran trackways produced by bilaterian animals with paired appendages". Science Advances. 4 (6). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao6691. hdl:10919/84444.

[Telford2008-3] Cite error: The named reference Telford2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-4] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[OrtegaHernandez2016-5] Cite error: The named reference OrtegaHernandez2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:3-6] Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Janssen, Ralf; Budd, Graham E. (2017-05-01). "Origin and evolution of the panarthropod head – A palaeobiological and developmental perspective". Arthropod Structure & Development. Evolution of Segmentation. 46 (3): 354–379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27989966.

[:4-7] Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-06-17). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592–R602. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983. S2CID 189926344.

[:5-8] Chipman, Ariel D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-10-09). "Developing an integrated understanding of the evolution of arthropod segmentation using fossils and evo-devo". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191881. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1881. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6790758. PMID 31575373.

[:6-9] Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). "Arthropod origins: Integrating paleontological and molecular evidence". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X. S2CID 225478171.

[:1-10] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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