Papaverine

Papaverine
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/pəˈpævəriːn/
Trade names	Pavabid, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682707
Pregnancy; category	AU: A; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, rectal, intracavernosal
ATC code	A03AD01 (WHO) G04BE02 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	80%
Protein binding	~90%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	1.5–2 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline;
CAS Number	58-74-2 ; 61-25-6 (hydrochloride);
PubChem CID	4680;
DrugBank	DB01113 ;
ChemSpider	4518 ;
UNII	DAA13NKG2Q;
KEGG	D07425 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:28241 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL19224 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4023418 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.361
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C20H21NO4
Molar mass	339.391 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES COc1ccc(cc1OC)Cc2c3cc(c(cc3ccn2)OC)OC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H21NO4/c1-22-17-6-5-13(10-18(17)23-2)9-16-15-12-20(25-4)19(24-3)11-14(15)7-8-21-16/h5-8,10-12H,9H2,1-4H3 ; Key:XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Papaverine (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasms and vasospasms (especially those involving the intestines, heart, or brain), occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and acute mesenteric ischemia. While it is found in the opium poppy, papaverine differs in both structure and pharmacological action from the analgesic morphine and its derivatives (such as codeine).

In addition to opium, papaverine is purported to be present in high concentrations in star gooseberry.^[1]

^ Kao CH; Ho YJ; Wu CL; ChangLai SP (1999). "Using 99mTc-DTPA Radioaerosol Inhalation Lung Scintigraphies to Detect the Lung Injury Induced by Consuming Sauropus androgynus Vegetable and Comparison with Conventional Pulmonary Function Tests". Respiration. 66 (1). Karger AG: 46–51. doi:10.1159/000029336. PMID 9973690. S2CID 38378580.