Back مارك ورقي Arabic Хартиена марка Bulgarian Papirmark Danish Papiermark German Papiermark Spanish پاپیرمارک آلمان Persian Paperimarkka (Saksa) Finnish Papiermark French Papiermark Galician Papírmárka Hungarian
| Mark (German) | |
|---|---|
.jpg) 100 trillion-ℳ︁ note, 1924 (short scale (US) or 100 billion-ℳ︁ long scale (UK pre-1974, Germany, much of Europe) | |
| Unit | |
| Plural | Mark |
| Symbol | ℳ︁ |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1⁄100 | Pfennig |
| Plural | |
| Pfennig | Pfennig |
| Symbol | |
| Pfennig | ₰ |
| Banknotes | 1ℳ︁, 2ℳ︁, 5ℳ︁, 10ℳ︁, 20ℳ︁, 50ℳ︁, 100ℳ︁, 500ℳ︁ 1,000ℳ︁, 5,000ℳ︁, 10,000ℳ︁, 20,000ℳ︁, 50,000ℳ︁, 100,000ℳ︁, 200,000ℳ︁, 500,000ℳ︁ 1-million-ℳ︁, 2-million-ℳ︁, 5-million-ℳ︁, 10-million-ℳ︁, 20-million-ℳ︁, 50-million-ℳ︁, 100-million-ℳ︁, 500-million-ℳ︁ 1-billion-ℳ︁, 5-billion-ℳ︁, 10-billion-ℳ︁, 20-billion-ℳ︁, 50-billion-ℳ︁, 100-billion-ℳ︁, 200-billion-ℳ︁, 500-billion-ℳ︁ 1-trillion-ℳ︁, 2-trillion-ℳ︁, 5-trillion-ℳ︁, 10-trillion-ℳ︁, 20-trillion-ℳ︁, 50-trillion-ℳ︁, 100-trillion-ℳ︁ |
| Coins | 1₰, 2₰, 5₰, 10₰, 50₰ (1⁄2ℳ︁) 1ℳ︁, 3ℳ︁, 200ℳ︁, 500ℳ︁ |
| Demographics | |
| Replaced | German mark (1871) |
| Replaced by | Rentenmark |
| User(s) |  German Empire Weimar Republic Free City of Danzig Klaipėda Region |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Reichsbank |
| Valuation | |
| Pegged with | United States dollar = 4.2-trillion-ℳ︁ = RM4.20 (1 trillion short scale (US) or 1 billion long scale (UK pre-1974, Germany, much of Europe) = 1,000,000,000,000) |
| This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |
The Papiermark (German: [paˈpiːɐ̯ˌmaʁk] ⓘ; lit. 'paper mark') was a derisive term for the Mark (sign: ℳ︁) after it went off the gold standard, and most specifically with the era of hyperinflation in Germany of 1922 and 1923. Formally, the same German mark was used from 1871 to 1923. Like many countries, Germany departed the gold standard due to the outbreak of World War I, and stopped issuing gold coins backed in marks in August 1914. Precious metals rapidly disappeared from circulation, and inflation occurred as paper money was used to cover war debts in 1914 to 1918. Still, the papiermark is more associated with the early Weimar Republic era, when inflation grew out of control. By the time the mark was retired from circulation and renominated in December 1923, banknotes had amounts in the billions and trillions of marks by face value.[1][2][3]
- ^ Knapp, George Friedrich (1924), The State Theory of Money, Macmillan and Company, pp. vxi
- ^ Patrick Spread (29 December 2022). Economics, Anthropology and the Origin of Money as a Bargaining Counter. Taylor & Francis 2022. p. 290. ISBN 9781000770841.
- ^ Randall E. Parker; Robert M. Whaples (2013). Routledge Handbook of Major Events in Economic History. Routledge. p. 372. ISBN 9781135080792.
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