Paraburkholderia

Paraburkholderia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Betaproteobacteria
Order:	Burkholderiales
Family:	Burkholderiaceae
Genus:	Paraburkholderia; Sawana et al. 2014

Paraburkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lodgepole pine with a strong potential to perform biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion.^[1]^[2]^[3] Unlike Burkholderia species, Paraburkholderia members are not commonly associated with human infection. Paraburkholderia members form a monophyletic clade within the Burkholderiaceae family, which is what prompted their distinction as a genus independent from Burkholderia species, in combination with the finding of robust conserved signature indels which are unique to Paraburkholderia species, and are lacking in members of the genus Burkholderia.^[4] These CSIs distinguish the genus from all other bacteria. Additionally, the CSIs that were found to be shared by Burkholderia species are absent in Paraburkholderia, providing evidence of separate lineages.^[5]

Conserved signature indels have also been found within the genus Paraburkholderia.^[4] These CSIs are in parallel with phylogenomic analyses that indicate to two monophyletic clades within the genus; one clade harbours unnamed and Candidatus Paraburkholderia, while the other clade is inclusive of environmental Paraburkholderia, commonly used for agricultural purposes.^[6] CSIs have been found exclusive to each of these clades, and have not been found specific for any other combination of Paraburkholderia species, providing an additional level of phylogenetic resolution within the genus level.^[4]^[5]

^ Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP (2020-01-01). "Can naturally-occurring endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of hybrid white spruce sustain boreal forest tree growth on extremely nutrient-poor soils?". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 140: 107642. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107642. ISSN 0038-0717.
^ Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP (2018-12-15). "Evidence of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in lodgepole pine and hybrid white spruce trees growing in soils with different nutrient statuses in the West Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada". Forest Ecology and Management. 430: 558–565. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.049. ISSN 0378-1127. S2CID 92247486.
^ Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP (2020-08-26). "Sustaining the growth of Pinaceae trees under nutrient-limited edaphic conditions via plant-beneficial bacteria". PLOS ONE. 15 (8): e0238055. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1538055P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238055. PMC 7449467. PMID 32845898.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sawana A, Adeolu M, Gupta RS (2014). "Molecular signatures and phylogenomic analysis of the genus Burkholderia: proposal for division of this genus into the emended genus Burkholderia containing pathogenic organisms and a new genus Paraburkholderia gen. nov. harboring environmental species". Frontiers in Genetics. 5: 429. doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00429. PMC 4271702. PMID 25566316.
^ ^a ^b Gupta RS (July 2016). "Impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification: the importance of Darwin's views on classification". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 40 (4): 520–53. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw011. PMID 27279642.
^ Estrada-de los Santos P, Vinuesa P, Martínez-Aguilar L, Hirsch AM, Caballero-Mellado J (July 2013). "Phylogenetic analysis of burkholderia species by multilocus sequence analysis". Current Microbiology. 67 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0330-9. PMID 23404651. S2CID 14190412.

[1] Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP (2020-01-01). "Can naturally-occurring endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of hybrid white spruce sustain boreal forest tree growth on extremely nutrient-poor soils?". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 140: 107642. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107642. ISSN 0038-0717.

[2] Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP (2018-12-15). "Evidence of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in lodgepole pine and hybrid white spruce trees growing in soils with different nutrient statuses in the West Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada". Forest Ecology and Management. 430: 558–565. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.049. ISSN 0378-1127. S2CID 92247486.

[3] Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP (2020-08-26). "Sustaining the growth of Pinaceae trees under nutrient-limited edaphic conditions via plant-beneficial bacteria". PLOS ONE. 15 (8): e0238055. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1538055P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238055. PMC 7449467. PMID 32845898.

[Sawana-4] Sawana A, Adeolu M, Gupta RS (2014). "Molecular signatures and phylogenomic analysis of the genus Burkholderia: proposal for division of this genus into the emended genus Burkholderia containing pathogenic organisms and a new genus Paraburkholderia gen. nov. harboring environmental species". Frontiers in Genetics. 5: 429. doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00429. PMC 4271702. PMID 25566316.

[pmid27279642-5] Gupta RS (July 2016). "Impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification: the importance of Darwin's views on classification". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 40 (4): 520–53. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw011. PMID 27279642.

[Phylogenetic_analysis_of_burkholderia_species_by_multilocus_sequence_analysis.-6] Estrada-de los Santos P, Vinuesa P, Martínez-Aguilar L, Hirsch AM, Caballero-Mellado J (July 2013). "Phylogenetic analysis of burkholderia species by multilocus sequence analysis". Current Microbiology. 67 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0330-9. PMID 23404651. S2CID 14190412.

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