Parent management training

Parent management training (PMT), also known as behavioral parent training (BPT) or simply parent training, is a family of treatment programs that aims to change parenting behaviors, teaching parents positive reinforcement methods for improving pre-school and school-age children's behavior problems (such as aggression, hyperactivity, temper tantrums, and difficulty following directions).^[1]

PMT is one of the most investigated treatments available for disruptive behavior, particularly oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD);^[1]^[2]^[3] it is effective in reducing child disruptive behavior^[3] and improving parental mental health.^[4] PMT has also been studied as a treatment for disruptive behaviors in children with other conditions. Limitations of the existing research on PMT include a lack of knowledge on mechanisms of change^[5] and the absence of studies of long-term outcomes.^[4] PMT may be more difficult to implement when parents are unable to participate fully due to psychopathology, limited cognitive capacity, high partner conflict, or inability to attend weekly sessions.^[6]

PMT was initially developed in the 1960s by child psychologists who studied changing children's disruptive behaviors by intervening to change parent behaviors.^[7] The model was inspired by principles of operant conditioning and applied behavioral analysis. Treatment, which typically lasts for several months, focuses on parents learning to provide positive reinforcement, such as praise and rewards, for children's appropriate behaviors while setting proper limits, using methods such as removing attention for inappropriate behaviors.

^ ^a ^b Maliken AC, Katz LF (June 2013). "Exploring the impact of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation on evidence-based parenting interventions: a transdiagnostic approach to improving treatment effectiveness". Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 16 (2): 173–86. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0132-4. PMID 23595362. S2CID 45147481.
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[Maliken2013-1] Maliken AC, Katz LF (June 2013). "Exploring the impact of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation on evidence-based parenting interventions: a transdiagnostic approach to improving treatment effectiveness". Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 16 (2): 173–86. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0132-4. PMID 23595362. S2CID 45147481.

[Menting2013-2] Cite error: The named reference Menting2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Michelson2013-3] Cite error: The named reference Michelson2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Furlong2013-4] Cite error: The named reference Furlong2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Kazdin2010-5] Cite error: The named reference Kazdin2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Pfiffner2014-6] Cite error: The named reference Pfiffner2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Forehand2013-7] Cite error: The named reference Forehand2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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